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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (244)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (243)
      • Adipose tissue (4)
      • Adrenal (57)
      • Bone (18)
      • Duodenum (3)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (4)
      • Kidney (17)
      • Liver (11)
      • Pancreas (43)
      • Parathyroid (13)
      • Pituitary (71)
      • Skin (7)
      • Stomach (2)
      • Testes (14)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (43)
    • Open Section Topic (244)
      • Adrenal (47)
      • Andrology (7)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (14)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (3)
      • Developmental endocrinology (2)
      • Diabetes (43)
      • Emergency (3)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (21)
      • Genetics and mutation (8)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Infectious diseases (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (10)
      • Obesity (4)
      • Ophthalmology (1)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (5)
      • Pituitary (54)
      • Puberty (1)
      • Thyroid (38)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (17)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (146)
      • 17OHP (1)
      • ACTH (26)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • Aldosterone (11)
      • Androgens (1)
      • Androstenedione (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (2)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (3)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (4)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Cortisol (35)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (1)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FGF23 (1)
      • FSH (21)
      • Gastrin (1)
      • GH (19)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP1 (2)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (3)
      • Glucocorticoids (7)
      • GNRH (3)
      • Gonadotropins (5)
      • HCG (2)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (14)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (43)
      • LH (24)
      • Metanephrines (4)
      • Mineralocorticoids (2)
      • Noradrenaline (2)
      • Normetanephrine (5)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (4)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Prolactin (19)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (11)
      • Renin (8)
      • Testosterone (33)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (31)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (19)
      • TSH (32)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (166)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (1)
      • Acromegaly (8)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (4)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (9)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (2)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (9)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (2)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (4)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Brown tumour (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (4)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (1)
      • Conn's syndrome (2)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Craniopharyngioma (1)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (5)
      • Cushing's syndrome (12)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (7)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (12)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (21)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (4)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (9)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (2)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (3)
      • Empty sella syndrome (2)
      • Eosinophilic myositis (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (2)
      • Gastrinoma (1)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Glucagonoma (1)
      • Goitre (3)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (2)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Graves' disease (4)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (6)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (4)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (4)
      • Hypercalcaemia (4)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (1)
      • Hyperglycaemia (14)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (6)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (5)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (3)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (6)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (8)
      • Hyperthyroidism (8)
      • Hypocalcaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (9)
      • Hypogonadism (9)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (10)
      • Hypokalaemia (5)
      • Hyponatraemia (9)
      • Hypophosphataemia (2)
      • Hypophysitis (4)
      • Hypopituitarism (8)
      • Hypothyroidism (8)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (7)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Incidentaloma (3)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin resistance (5)
      • Insulinoma (2)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (2)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (3)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (2)
      • Lymphadenopathy (3)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (3)
      • MEN1 (3)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Meningitis (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (5)
      • Metastatic chromaffin cell tumour (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (4)
      • Metastatic tumour (3)
      • Microadenoma (2)
      • Motor neurone disease (1)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (2)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myositis (2)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (2)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (11)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (1)
      • Osteomalacia (1)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (2)
      • Pancreatitis (1)
      • Panhypopituitarism (3)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (5)
      • Paraganglioma (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (3)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (4)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (2)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (7)
      • Pituitary adenoma (21)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (6)
      • Pituitary cyst (1)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (3)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (2)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (2)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (2)
      • Prostate cancer (5)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (3)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (2)
      • Short stature (4)
      • SIADH (3)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Testicular cancer (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (2)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (3)
      • Thyroid nodule (1)
      • Thyroid storm (3)
      • Thyroiditis (8)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (6)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Traumatic brain injury (2)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (2)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (244)
    • Open Section Age (243)
      • Adolescent/young adult (37)
      • Adult (179)
      • Geriatric (19)
      • Neonatal (6)
      • Paediatric (19)
      • Pregnant adult (1)
    • Open Section Gender (244)
      • Female (31)
      • Male (244)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (244)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (4)
      • Asian - Filipino (3)
      • Asian - Indian (6)
      • Asian - Japanese (19)
      • Asian - Korean (2)
      • Asian - Pakistani (4)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (2)
      • Asian - other (9)
      • Black - African (8)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (3)
      • White (171)
      • Other (11)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (241)
      • Albania (1)
      • Argentina (2)
      • Australia (32)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (3)
      • Canada (3)
      • China (1)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • Finland (2)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (7)
      • Greece (4)
      • India (1)
      • Ireland (15)
      • Israel (1)
      • Italy (16)
      • Japan (22)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Lebanon (2)
      • Mexico (1)
      • Montenegro (1)
      • Netherlands (3)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Norway (3)
      • Oman (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (8)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Saudi Arabia (2)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Singapore (2)
      • Spain (8)
      • Sudan (1)
      • Switzerland (3)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (1)
      • Thailand (2)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (4)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (48)
      • United States (22)
      • Uruguay (1)
      • Venezuela (2)
      • Viet Nam (2)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (167)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (162)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (2)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (12)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (4)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acrochorda (2)
      • Aggression (1)
      • Agitation (2)
      • Alopecia (1)
      • Altered level of consciousness (3)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (2)
      • Amnesia (1)
      • Anaemia (6)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anorexia (9)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anxiety (5)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (4)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arteriosclerosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (3)
      • Ascites (1)
      • Asthenia (1)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (4)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (1)
      • Autonomic neuropathy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (6)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (2)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone lesions (2)
      • Bone pain (3)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (1)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (2)
      • Buffalo hump (3)
      • Cachexia (2)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (2)
      • Cataract(s) (1)
      • Central obesity (2)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (1)
      • Cervical pain (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (3)
      • Chills (1)
      • Cholecystitis (1)
      • Chondrocalcinosis (1)
      • Chronic pain (1)
      • Cirrhosis (1)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Coagulopathy (1)
      • Cognitive problems (5)
      • Collapse (4)
      • Concentration difficulties (4)
      • Confusion (5)
      • Constipation (4)
      • Coughing (3)
      • Cramps (1)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (3)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (2)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (2)
      • Dehydration (5)
      • Delayed puberty (4)
      • Depression (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus (4)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (17)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (3)
      • Diabetic foot neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (5)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (8)
      • Diarrhoea (11)
      • Diplopia (5)
      • Dizziness (9)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (4)
      • Dysphagia (4)
      • Dysphonia (3)
      • Dyspnoea (7)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (2)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (2)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (8)
      • Erythema (6)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Face - coarse features (4)
      • Facial palsy (1)
      • Facial plethora (4)
      • Facial weakness (1)
      • Facies - abnormal (5)
      • Facies - moon (3)
      • Fatigue (33)
      • Feet - increased size (5)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Feet - pain (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flushing (1)
      • Fungating lesion (1)
      • Gait abnormality (3)
      • Gallstones (1)
      • Genu varum (1)
      • Glucosuria (6)
      • Goitre (11)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (4)
      • Growth retardation (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (12)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Hands - large (2)
      • Headache (25)
      • Heart failure (4)
      • Heart murmur (1)
      • Heat intolerance (2)
      • Hemianopia (1)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (1)
      • Hirsutism (1)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (2)
      • Hypercalcaemia (6)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (8)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (18)
      • Hyperhidrosis (8)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (4)
      • Hyperkalaemia (6)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperpigmentation (10)
      • Hyperplasia (4)
      • Hyperpnoea (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyperseborrhea (1)
      • Hypertension (25)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (7)
      • Hypertrichosis (2)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
      • Hyperventilation (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (3)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (2)
      • Hypocalciuria (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (11)
      • Hypogonadism (26)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (9)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (4)
      • Hyponatraemia (12)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (6)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hyporeflexia (1)
      • Hypospadias (1)
      • Hypotension (15)
      • Hypothyroidism (10)
      • Hypotonia (2)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (3)
      • Hypovolaemia (1)
      • Hypoxia (2)
      • Infections (2)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Inflexibility (1)
      • Insomnia (4)
      • Insulin resistance (3)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Ischaemia (1)
      • Jaundice (1)
      • Ketonuria (4)
      • Kidney dysplasia (2)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Kyphosis (1)
      • Learning difficulties (1)
      • Leg pain (7)
      • Leukocytosis (4)
      • Libido increase (1)
      • Libido reduction/loss (10)
      • Liver masses (2)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (4)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (5)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (5)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (3)
      • Microalbuminuria (1)
      • Micropenis (5)
      • Muscle atrophy (6)
      • Myalgia (5)
      • Myasthaenia (13)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (3)
      • Myopathy (3)
      • Nasal obstruction (1)
      • Nausea (21)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
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      • Neck mass (1)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (2)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Nephropathy (1)
      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (5)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (3)
      • Nystagmus (1)
      • Obesity (12)
      • Oedema (10)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (1)
      • Optic atrophy (2)
      • Osteomalacia (2)
      • Osteopenia (3)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Pallor (2)
      • Palpitations (14)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (2)
      • Pancytopaenia (2)
      • Panic attacks (1)
      • Papilloedema (1)
      • Paraesthesia (6)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (5)
      • Phosphaturia (1)
      • Polydipsia (18)
      • Polyuria (15)
      • Postural instability (1)
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      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (3)
      • Psychosis (1)
      • Ptosis (7)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (2)
      • Pulmonary embolism (1)
      • Pyrexia (10)
      • Rash (3)
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      • Renal failure (7)
      • Renal insufficiency (1)
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      • Respiratory failure (3)
      • Retinopathy (4)
      • Salivary gland swelling (1)
      • Salt craving (1)
      • Salt wasting (2)
      • Seizures (4)
      • Sepsis (1)
      • Shivering (1)
      • Short stature (9)
      • Singultus (1)
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      • Sixth nerve palsy (1)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin - texture change (1)
      • Skin necrosis (1)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (2)
      • Skin thickening (1)
      • Skin thinning (2)
      • Sleep difficulties (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (1)
      • Slow growth (2)
      • Slurred speech (2)
      • Somnolence (3)
      • Sore throat (2)
      • Spastic paraplegia (1)
      • Spasticity (1)
      • Speech delay (1)
      • Splenomegaly (2)
      • Striae (4)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (2)
      • Sweating (5)
      • Syncope (2)
      • Tachycardia (15)
      • Tachypnoea (2)
      • Teeth gapping (1)
      • Telangiectasias (1)
      • T-reflex (absent) (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (2)
      • Tetany (2)
      • Thrombocytopenia (4)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (7)
      • Tracheo-oesophageal compression (1)
      • Tremulousness (7)
      • Umbilical hernia (1)
      • Urinary frequency (2)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (4)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (2)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (2)
      • Vision - blurred (2)
      • Visual disturbance (4)
      • Visual field defect (2)
      • Visual impairment (3)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vocal cord paresis (1)
      • Vomiting (20)
      • Weight gain (10)
      • Weight loss (25)
    • Open Section Investigation (167)
      • 17OHP (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (4)
      • 5HIAA (2)
      • ACTH (32)
      • ACTH stimulation (16)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (5)
      • Adrenal function (1)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (1)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (4)
      • AFP tumour marker (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (1)
      • Albumin (7)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (5)
      • Aldosterone (plasma) (2)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (2)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (4)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (8)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (1)
      • Ammonia (1)
      • Amniocentesis (1)
      • Androstenedione (2)
      • Angiography (9)
      • Anion gap (2)
      • Anti-acetylcholine antibodies (1)
      • Anti-insulin antibodies (1)
      • Anti-islet cell antibody (1)
      • Anti-GH antibodies (2)
      • Antinuclear antibody (4)
      • Basal insulin (1)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (4)
      • Bicarbonate (13)
      • Biopsy (14)
      • Blood film (1)
      • Blood pressure (17)
      • BMI (17)
      • Body fat mass (1)
      • Bone age (4)
      • Bone biopsy (4)
      • Bone mineral density (4)
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