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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (488)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (486)
      • Adipose tissue (7)
      • Adrenal (106)
      • Bone (32)
      • Duodenum (5)
      • Heart (7)
      • Hypothalamus (13)
      • Kidney (25)
      • Liver (12)
      • Ovaries (18)
      • Pancreas (90)
      • Parathyroid (37)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (132)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Skin (8)
      • Stomach (5)
      • Testes (10)
      • Thymus (3)
      • Thyroid (101)
    • Open Section Topic (472)
      • Adrenal (91)
      • Andrology (6)
      • Autoimmunity (3)
      • Bone (26)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (4)
      • Diabetes (88)
      • Emergency (4)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (25)
      • Genetics and mutation (10)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (11)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (4)
      • Neuroendocrinology (9)
      • Obesity (6)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (8)
      • Pituitary (105)
      • Puberty (4)
      • Thyroid (84)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (17)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (440)
      • 17OHP (7)
      • ACTH (78)
      • Adrenaline (5)
      • Aldosterone (24)
      • Androgens (7)
      • Androstenedione (10)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (8)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (7)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (9)
      • Calcitriol (5)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (112)
      • Cortisone (2)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (4)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (3)
      • Deoxycortisol (3)
      • DHEA (7)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (2)
      • Dopamine (4)
      • FGF23 (3)
      • FSH (57)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (42)
      • GHRH (2)
      • GLP1 (2)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (7)
      • Glucocorticoids (16)
      • GNRH (6)
      • Gonadotropins (8)
      • HCG (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (46)
      • IGF2 (7)
      • Insulin (118)
      • Kisspeptin (2)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (64)
      • Metanephrines (12)
      • Mineralocorticoids (7)
      • Noradrenaline (9)
      • Normetanephrine (12)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (21)
      • Oestrogens (5)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Peptide YY (1)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Progesterone (9)
      • Prolactin (63)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (42)
      • Renin (15)
      • Somatostatin (3)
      • Testosterone (54)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (110)
      • TRH (4)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (57)
      • TSH (114)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (484)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency (1)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (5)
      • Acromegaly (19)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (10)
      • Adenocarcinoma (4)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (35)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (13)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (8)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (5)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (3)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (2)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (3)
      • Anaemia (7)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (2)
      • Asthma (2)
      • Autoimmune disorders (22)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (4)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (9)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (5)
      • Breast cancer (4)
      • Brown tumour (5)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (12)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (2)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (5)
      • Conn's syndrome (4)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (9)
      • Cushing's syndrome (37)
      • Developmental abnormalities (2)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (5)
      • Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (22)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (41)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (43)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (5)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (25)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (1)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (5)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Down syndrome (2)
      • Eating disorders (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (4)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (8)
      • Ectopic parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (4)
      • Eosinophilic myositis (1)
      • Euthyroid sick syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fat necrosis (1)
      • Fetal demise (2)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (4)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Gastrinoma (1)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (6)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Glucagonoma (3)
      • Goitre (5)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (7)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (4)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Granuloma (4)
      • Graves' disease (17)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (4)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (6)
      • Gynaecomastia (6)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (12)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (10)
      • Hyperandrogenism (5)
      • Hypercalcaemia (22)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (35)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (7)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (10)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hyperkalaemia (10)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (9)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (5)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (22)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (16)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (20)
      • Hyperthyroidism (27)
      • Hypocalcaemia (9)
      • Hypoglycaemia (35)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (18)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (17)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (20)
      • Hyponatraemia (22)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (6)
      • Hypophysitis (14)
      • Hypopituitarism (30)
      • Hypothyroidism (52)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (24)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (3)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (8)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (5)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (4)
      • Insulin resistance (11)
      • Insulinoma (5)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (3)
      • Iodine allergy (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (2)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (5)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (2)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Leydig cell tumour (1)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Lipomatosis (2)
      • Liver failure (7)
      • Lung metastases (3)
      • Lymphadenopathy (9)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (3)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (9)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (6)
      • MEN1 (8)
      • MEN2A (2)
      • Meningitis (2)
      • Metabolic acidosis (8)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (14)
      • Metastatic melanoma (6)
      • Metastatic tumour (5)
      • Microadenoma (8)
      • Microprolactinoma (3)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (3)
      • Myocardial infarction (3)
      • Myositis (3)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (3)
      • Nephrolithiasis (2)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (32)
      • Neurofibromatosis (4)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (4)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (4)
      • Osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
      • Osteomalacia (4)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (10)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (6)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (4)
      • Ovarian tumour (3)
      • Paget’s disease (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (2)
      • Pancreatitis (8)
      • Panhypopituitarism (12)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (21)
      • Paraganglioma (4)
      • Paranasal sinus lesion (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (8)
      • Parasitic thyroid nodules (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (13)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (5)
      • Parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (1)
      • PCOS (6)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (21)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (2)
      • Pituitary abscess (3)
      • Pituitary adenoma (52)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (9)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (4)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (5)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (7)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (3)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (5)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (4)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Pre-eclampsia (2)
      • Pregnancy (6)
      • Premature ovarian failure (4)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (12)
      • Prostate cancer (6)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (3)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (3)
      • Puberty (precocious) (3)
      • Pulmonary oedema (2)
      • Quadrantanopia (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (4)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (7)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • Short stature (7)
      • SIADH (6)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (3)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (2)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (4)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Struma ovarii (4)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (2)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (4)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (3)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (7)
      • Thyroid cyst (1)
      • Thyroid dysgenesis (1)
      • Thyroid fibromatosis (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (4)
      • Thyroid nodule (9)
      • Thyroid storm (9)
      • Thyroiditis (24)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (19)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Traumatic brain injury (2)
      • Tuberculosis (3)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (4)
      • Turner syndrome (1)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (488)
    • Open Section Age (487)
      • Adolescent/young adult (72)
      • Adult (339)
      • Geriatric (27)
      • Neonatal (14)
      • Paediatric (41)
      • Pregnant adult (17)
    • Open Section Gender (486)
      • Female (287)
      • Male (224)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (488)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (4)
      • Asian - Chinese (24)
      • Asian - Filipino (3)
      • Asian - Indian (13)
      • Asian - Japanese (38)
      • Asian - Korean (2)
      • Asian - Pakistani (2)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (20)
      • Black - African (17)
      • Black - Caribbean (4)
      • Black - other (6)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (8)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (6)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (6)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (3)
      • White (327)
      • Other (15)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (475)
      • Argentina (5)
      • Australia (47)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (4)
      • Brazil (4)
      • Canada (16)
      • China (2)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (1)
      • Czech Republic (1)
      • Denmark (5)
      • Finland (1)
      • France (4)
      • Germany (12)
      • Greece (13)
      • Hong Kong (2)
      • India (5)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (3)
      • Ireland (16)
      • Israel (4)
      • Italy (22)
      • Japan (36)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Lebanon (3)
      • Malaysia (2)
      • Mexico (4)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (7)
      • New Zealand (5)
      • Nigeria (1)
      • Norway (1)
      • Oman (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (2)
      • Portugal (21)
      • Puerto Rico (2)
      • Russian Federation (3)
      • Saudi Arabia (4)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Singapore (7)
      • Spain (17)
      • Sri Lanka (1)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (6)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (4)
      • Thailand (2)
      • Tunisia (2)
      • Turkey (4)
      • United Arab Emirates (3)
      • United Kingdom (107)
      • United States (54)
      • Uruguay (1)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (488)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (478)
      • Abdominal adiposity (2)
      • Abdominal distension (7)
      • Abdominal cramp (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (3)
      • Abdominal guarding (1)
      • Abdominal lump (5)
      • Abdominal pain (47)
      • Abdominal tenderness (5)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acalculia (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (9)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (7)
      • Acrochorda (3)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Aggression (3)
      • Agitation (7)
      • Albuminuria (2)
      • Alopecia (7)
      • Altered level of consciousness (10)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (37)
      • Amnesia (8)
      • Anaemia (19)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (20)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anovulation (1)
      • Anuria (1)
      • Anxiety (12)
      • Aphasia (3)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite increase (3)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (21)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arteriosclerosis (2)
      • Arthralgia (14)
      • Ascites (2)
      • Asthenia (10)
      • Ataxia (3)
      • Atrial fibrillation (15)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (2)
      • Autonomic neuropathy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (15)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (4)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (2)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bloating (4)
      • Bone fracture(s) (9)
      • Bone lesions (4)
      • Bone pain (9)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (3)
      • Bowel obstruction (2)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (3)
      • Bradycardia (4)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (2)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (8)
      • Buffalo hump (6)
      • Cachexia (2)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (4)
      • Cardiac tamponade (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (4)
      • Cardiomegaly (4)
      • Cardiomyopathy (6)
      • Cardiopulmonary arrest (1)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (2)
      • Central obesity (7)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (2)
      • Cervical pain (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (12)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (2)
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      • Cognitive problems (9)
      • Cold intolerance (6)
      • Collapse (5)
      • Coma (5)
      • Concentration difficulties (6)
      • Confusion (21)
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      • Craniofacial abnormalities (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
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      • Dyslipidaemia (7)
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      • Feet - increased size (10)
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      • Gestational diabetes (3)
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      • Goitre (33)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (6)
      • Growth retardation (9)
      • Gynaecomastia (14)
      • Haematoma (7)
      • Haematuria (5)
      • Haemoptysis (4)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
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      • Hands - enlargement (7)
      • Hands - large (1)
      • Head - large (2)
      • Headache (81)
      • Hearing loss (3)
      • Heart failure (15)
      • Heart murmur (5)
      • Heat intolerance (7)
      • Hemianopia (10)
      • Hemiparesis (4)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (3)
      • Hepatomegaly (7)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (22)
      • Hot flushes (4)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (2)
      • Hyperandrogenism (6)
      • Hypercalcaemia (27)
      • Hypercalciuria (4)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (6)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (24)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (3)
      • Hyperglycaemia (47)
      • Hyperhidrosis (18)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (17)
      • Hyperkalaemia (13)
      • Hypernatraemia (11)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (19)
      • Hyperplasia (4)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (16)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
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