Jump to Content
Sign in
Create account
Home
Browse
Content
All Issues
Impact Factor Collection
Submit
Submit now
How to submit
Author guidelines
Reasons to publish
Peer review
Research data
Ethical policy
Post-publication changes
Open-access policy
Publication charges
Author resource centre
About
Contact EDMCR
About EDMCR
Scope
Editorial board
Societies
For libraries
Abstracting and indexing
Alerts
Journals
Advanced Search
Help
Sign in
Create account
Home
Browse
Content
All Issues
Impact Factor Collection
Submit
Submit now
How to submit
Author guidelines
Reasons to publish
Peer review
Research data
Ethical policy
Post-publication changes
Open-access policy
Publication charges
Author resource centre
About
Contact EDMCR
About EDMCR
Scope
Editorial board
Societies
For libraries
Abstracting and indexing
Alerts
Journals
Search
Advanced Search
Help
Search within results
Search within results
Filter
Filter
Refine search terms
All
Abstract
Affiliation
Alternative Title
Author
Full Text
DOI/ISBN
Subject
Title
Add row
Clear
Refine by subject
Open Section
Clinical Overview
(162)
Open Section
Gland/Organ
(162)
Adipose tissue
(4)
Adrenal
(36)
Bone
(5)
Duodenum
(4)
Heart
(4)
Hypothalamus
(7)
Kidney
(8)
Liver
(5)
Ovaries
(14)
Pancreas
(32)
Parathyroid
(12)
Pituitary
(42)
Placenta
(1)
Skin
(2)
Stomach
(2)
Thymus
(1)
Thyroid
(33)
Open Section
Topic
(161)
Adrenal
(32)
Andrology
(1)
Bone
(9)
Cardiovascular endocrinology
(4)
Diabetes
(27)
Emergency
(5)
Endocrine-related cancer
(17)
Genetics and mutation
(6)
Gynaecological endocrinology
(8)
Infectious diseases
(2)
Mineral
(4)
Neuroendocrinology
(5)
Obesity
(3)
Ophthalmology
(1)
Paediatric endocrinology
(7)
Pituitary
(31)
Thyroid
(27)
Tumours and neoplasia
(8)
Open Section
Hormone
(90)
17OHP
(1)
ACTH
(17)
Adrenaline
(3)
Aldosterone
(7)
Androgens
(2)
Androstenedione
(3)
Antidiuretic Hormone
(3)
AVP
(3)
big IGF2
(1)
Calcitonin
(4)
Calcitriol
(1)
Corticosterone
(1)
Cortisol
(19)
Deoxycorticosterone
(2)
DHEA
(1)
FSH
(6)
Gastrin
(1)
GH
(7)
GLP1
(1)
Glucagon
(3)
Glucocorticoids
(3)
Gonadotropins
(1)
HCG
(1)
IGF1
(6)
IGF2
(3)
Inhibin
(1)
Insulin
(21)
LH
(5)
Metanephrines
(4)
Mineralocorticoids
(2)
Noradrenaline
(4)
Normetanephrine
(4)
Oestradiol (E2)
(2)
Oestrogens
(2)
Progesterone
(1)
Prolactin
(10)
PTH
(9)
Renin
(2)
Somatostatin
(3)
Testosterone
(3)
Thyroxine (T4)
(17)
TRH
(1)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
(6)
TSH
(16)
Open Section
Condition/ Syndrome
(100)
17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency
(1)
Abscess
(1)
Acromegaly
(3)
Addison's disease
(3)
Adrenal insufficiency
(9)
Adrenocortical adenoma
(6)
Adrenocortical carcinoma
(2)
Amenorrhoea (secondary)
(3)
Anaemia
(1)
Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
(1)
Autoimmune disorders
(2)
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1
(1)
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2
(1)
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
(1)
Autoimmune hypophysitis
(2)
Breast cancer
(2)
Burkitt’s lymphoma
(1)
C-cell hyperplasia
(1)
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage
(1)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(1)
Congenital hypothyroidism
(1)
Congenital hyperinsulinism
(1)
Conn's syndrome
(1)
Craniopharyngioma
(1)
Cushing's disease
(2)
Cushing's syndrome
(7)
Developmental abnormalities
(1)
Diabetes insipidus - gestational
(2)
Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central
(5)
Diabetes mellitus type 1
(7)
Diabetes mellitus type 2
(6)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
(6)
Ectopic ACTH syndrome
(2)
Ectopic Cushing's syndrome
(4)
Empty sella syndrome
(1)
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
(1)
Fetal demise
(1)
Follicular thyroid cancer
(1)
Galactorrhoea
(1)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
(1)
Gestational diabetes mellitus
(2)
Giant ovarian cysts
(1)
Glucagonoma
(2)
Goitre
(2)
Goitre (multinodular)
(1)
Gonadotrophic adenoma
(1)
Granuloma
(2)
Granulosa cell tumour
(1)
Graves' disease
(2)
Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset)
(2)
Haemorrhage
(2)
Hashimoto’s disease
(1)
Hemihypertrophy
(1)
Hyperaldosteronism
(3)
Hyperandrogenism
(2)
Hypercalcaemia
(4)
Hyperglucogonaemia
(1)
Hyperglycaemia
(4)
Hyperinsulinaemia
(2)
Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
(1)
Hyperkalaemia
(2)
Hypernatraemia
(4)
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
(1)
Hyperparathyroidism (primary)
(5)
Hyperparathyroidism (secondary)
(1)
Hyperprolactinaemia
(4)
Hypertension
(5)
Hyperthyroidism
(4)
Hypocalcaemia
(1)
Hypoglycaemia
(4)
Hypogonadism
(2)
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
(2)
Hypokalaemia
(9)
Hyponatraemia
(8)
Hypophosphataemia
(1)
Hypophysitis
(4)
Hypopituitarism
(9)
Hypothyroidism
(11)
Iatrogenic disorder
(1)
IgG4–related systemic disease
(1)
Incidentaloma
(1)
Insulin autoimmune syndrome
(1)
Insulinoma
(1)
Intrauterine growth retardation
(1)
Ischaemic heart disease
(1)
Leydig cell tumour
(1)
Liver failure
(1)
Lymphadenopathy
(2)
McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome
(1)
Medullary thyroid cancer
(2)
MEN1
(2)
MEN2A
(2)
Meningitis
(1)
Metabolic acidosis
(3)
Metastatic carcinoma
(5)
Metastatic melanoma
(2)
Metastatic tumour
(1)
Microadenoma
(2)
Myocardial infarction
(1)
Neonatal diabetes
(2)
Neuroendocrine tumour
(10)
Neurofibromatosis
(2)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
(3)
Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia
(3)
Obesity
(2)
Osteomalacia
(1)
Ovarian cancer
(1)
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
(2)
Ovarian tumour
(1)
Pancreatitis
(3)
Panhypopituitarism
(6)
Papillary thyroid cancer
(3)
Paraganglioma
(1)
Paranasal sinus lesion
(1)
Paraneoplastic syndromes
(2)
Parathyroid adenoma
(4)
Parathyroid carcinoma
(1)
Parathyroid cyst
(1)
Phaeochromocytoma
(10)
Phaeochromocytoma crisis
(1)
Pituitary abscess
(1)
Pituitary adenoma
(12)
Pituitary apoplexy
(1)
Pituitary cyst
(1)
Pituitary haemorrhage
(2)
Pituitary hyperplasia
(2)
Pituitary hypoplasia
(1)
Pituitary tumour (malignant)
(2)
Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma
(2)
Pneumonia
(1)
Pre-eclampsia
(1)
Pregnancy
(3)
Prolactinoma
(2)
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
(2)
Puberty (precocious)
(1)
Rhabdomyolysis
(1)
Sexual development disorders
(2)
Short stature
(2)
SIADH
(1)
Small-cell carcinoma
(2)
Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour
(1)
Solitary fibrous tumour
(1)
Somatotrophic adenoma
(3)
Struma ovarii
(1)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
(1)
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
(2)
Thyroid carcinoma
(2)
Thyroid dysgenesis
(1)
Thyroid storm
(1)
Thyroiditis
(1)
Thyrotoxicosis
(3)
Thyrotrophic adenoma
(1)
Tuberculosis
(1)
Turner syndrome
(1)
Wolcott-Rallison syndrome
(1)
Open Section
Patient Demographics
(162)
Open Section
Age
(162)
Adolescent/young adult
(26)
Adult
(106)
Geriatric
(8)
Neonatal
(5)
Paediatric
(19)
Pregnant adult
(10)
Open Section
Gender
(162)
Female
(162)
Male
(15)
Open Section
Ethnicity
(162)
Asian - Bangladeshi
(2)
Asian - Chinese
(5)
Asian - Filipino
(2)
Asian - Indian
(7)
Asian - Japanese
(8)
Asian - Pakistani
(4)
Asian - other
(11)
Black - African
(9)
Black - other
(3)
Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American
(6)
Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
(1)
Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican
(2)
Hispanic or Latino - other
(5)
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
(1)
White
(89)
Other
(8)
Open Section
Country of Treatment
(162)
Australia
(16)
Belgium
(4)
Brazil
(1)
Canada
(3)
Colombia
(1)
Croatia
(1)
Denmark
(3)
Ethiopia
(1)
France
(2)
Germany
(4)
Greece
(5)
Hong Kong
(1)
India
(3)
Iran, Islamic Republic of
(1)
Ireland
(3)
Israel
(2)
Italy
(6)
Japan
(8)
Lebanon
(2)
Malaysia
(3)
Mexico
(2)
Morocco
(1)
Netherlands
(3)
New Zealand
(1)
Oman
(1)
Peru
(3)
Poland
(1)
Portugal
(9)
Puerto Rico
(2)
Russian Federation
(1)
Singapore
(1)
Spain
(2)
Sri Lanka
(2)
Switzerland
(1)
Syrian Arab Republic
(1)
Taiwan, Province of China
(1)
Thailand
(1)
Tunisia
(1)
United Arab Emirates
(3)
United Kingdom
(34)
United States
(22)
Yemen
(1)
Open Section
Diagnosis and Treatment
(101)
Open Section
Signs and Symptoms
(98)
Abdominal distension
(1)
Abdominal discomfort
(1)
Abdominal guarding
(1)
Abdominal lump
(1)
Abdominal pain
(16)
Abdominal tenderness
(2)
Abdominal wall defects
(1)
Acne
(2)
Adverse breast development
(1)
Aggression
(1)
Agitation
(1)
Alopecia
(3)
Altered level of consciousness
(4)
Amenorrhoea
(10)
Amnesia
(2)
Anaemia
(5)
Anorexia
(3)
Anxiety
(1)
Appetite reduction/loss
(2)
Arthralgia
(2)
Asthenia
(4)
Atrial fibrillation
(2)
Autism
(1)
Back pain
(3)
Behavioural problems
(1)
Bitemporal hemianopsia
(1)
Bloating
(1)
Bone pain
(2)
Bony metastases
(1)
Bowel perforation
(1)
Brachydactyly
(1)
Bradycardia
(1)
Breast lump
(2)
Breastfeeding difficulties
(1)
Breathing difficulties
(1)
Buffalo hump
(1)
Calcification
(1)
Cardiac tamponade
(1)
Cardiogenic shock
(1)
Cardiomegaly
(2)
Cardiomyopathy
(4)
Central obesity
(1)
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
(1)
Cervical pain
(1)
Chest pain
(4)
Chest pain (pleuritic)
(1)
Chills
(2)
Clitoromegaly
(1)
Clumsiness
(1)
Cognitive problems
(1)
Coma
(1)
Concentration difficulties
(1)
Confusion
(3)
Constipation
(2)
Convulsions
(1)
Coughing
(3)
Crackles
(2)
Cutaneous pigmentation
(1)
Deep vein thrombosis
(2)
Dehydration
(3)
Delayed puberty
(1)
Delirium
(2)
Depression
(1)
Diabetes insipidus
(5)
Diabetes mellitus type 1
(6)
Diabetes mellitus type 2
(5)
Diabetic nephropathy
(1)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
(4)
Diarrhoea
(3)
Diplopia
(1)
Dizziness
(5)
Dysarthria
(1)
Dyspepsia
(1)
Dysphagia
(5)
Dysphonia
(2)
Dyspnoea
(8)
Ecchymoses
(4)
Ectopic ureter
(1)
Face - change in appearance
(1)
Face - coarse features
(2)
Facial fullness
(2)
Facial palsy
(1)
Facial plethora
(1)
Facies - abnormal
(1)
Facies - moon
(2)
Failure to thrive
(3)
Fatigue
(15)
Feet - increased size
(1)
Flushing
(1)
Frontal bossing
(1)
Galactorrhoea
(2)
Gestational diabetes
(1)
Glucose intolerance
(1)
Glucosuria
(2)
Goitre
(5)
Growth hormone deficiency
(2)
Growth retardation
(3)
Haematoma
(2)
Haematuria
(3)
Haemoptysis
(1)
Hands - enlargement
(2)
Headache
(22)
Hearing loss
(2)
Heart failure
(5)
Heart murmur
(1)
Hemianopia
(1)
Hepatic metastases
(2)
Hepatomegaly
(1)
Hirsutism
(8)
Hot flushes
(1)
Hyperandrogenism
(1)
Hypercalcaemia
(7)
Hypercalciuria
(1)
Hypercortisolaemia
(6)
Hyperglucagonaemia
(1)
Hyperglycaemia
(8)
Hyperhidrosis
(4)
Hyperinsulinaemia
(2)
Hyperkalaemia
(4)
Hypernatraemia
(4)
Hyperpigmentation
(2)
Hyperplasia
(1)
Hyperprolactinaemia
(5)
Hypertension
(20)
Hyperthyroidism
(4)
Hyperventilation
(3)
Hypoadrenalism
(3)
Hypocalciuria
(1)
Hypoglycaemia
(5)
Hypogonadism
(3)
Hypoinsulinaemia
(1)
Hypokalaemia
(16)
Hypomagnesaemia
(1)
Hyponatraemia
(16)
Hypoparathyroidism
(1)
Hypophosphataemia
(2)
Hypopituitarism
(5)
Hypotension
(13)
Hypothyroidism
(9)
Hypotonia
(2)
Hypoxia
(1)
Immunodeficiency
(1)
Infertility
(2)
Insomnia
(1)
Itching
(1)
Jaundice
(1)
Ketonuria
(2)
Ketotic odour
(1)
Kidney stones
(2)
Leg pain
(1)
Leukocytosis
(2)
Lichen sclerosus
(1)
Lymphadenitis
(3)
Macroglossia
(1)
Malaise
(2)
Metabolic acidosis
(6)
Metabolic alkalosis
(4)
Miscarriage
(1)
Mood changes/swings
(1)
Muscle atrophy
(1)
Myasthaenia
(11)
Myocardial infarction
(2)
Myxoedema
(1)
Nail dystrophy
(1)
Nausea
(14)
Neck mass
(1)
Neck pain/discomfort
(2)
Necrolytic migratory erythema
(1)
Nephrocalcinosis
(1)
Neurofibromas
(2)
Nocturia
(3)
Normochromic normocytic anaemia
(2)
Nose - depressed bridge
(1)
Obesity
(5)
Oedema
(7)
Oliguria
(1)
Ophthalmoplegia
(1)
Osteomalacia
(1)
Osteopenia
(1)
Osteoporosis
(1)
Ovarian cysts
(2)
Palpitations
(10)
Pancreatitis
(2)
Paraesthesia
(3)
Paranoia
(2)
Pelvic mass
(1)
Pericardial effusion
(3)
Peripheral oedema
(2)
Phosphaturia
(1)
Photophobia
(1)
Pleurisy
(1)
Pneumonia
(1)
Polydipsia
(12)
Polyuria
(12)
Premature birth
(1)
Prognathism
(1)
Proteinuria
(3)
Pruritus
(2)
Psychomotor retardation
(1)
Psychosis
(3)
Ptosis
(2)
Puberty (early/precocious)
(1)
Pyrexia
(9)
Rash
(3)
Renal cyst
(1)
Renal failure
(2)
Renal insufficiency
(4)
Retinopathy
(1)
Rhabdomyolysis
(1)
Salt wasting
(1)
Sarcoidosis
(1)
Seizures
(4)
Sepsis
(1)
Shivering
(1)
Short stature
(2)
Skin - texture change
(1)
Skin pigmentation - spotty
(1)
Sleep apnoea
(1)
Slow growth
(1)
Slurred speech
(1)
Somnolence
(2)
Splenomegaly
(1)
Striae
(5)
Subfertility
(1)
Supraclavicular fat pads
(1)
Sweating
(7)
Syncope
(2)
Tachycardia
(14)
Tachypnoea
(2)
Thrombocytopenia
(3)
Thrombophilia
(1)
Thyroid nodule
(1)
Thyrotoxicosis
(2)
Tics
(1)
Tinnitus
(1)
Tracheo-oesophageal compression
(1)
Tremulousness
(2)
Uterus duplex
(1)
Vaginal dryness
(1)
Vaginal pain/tenderness
(1)
Ventricular fibrillation
(2)
Virilisation (abnormal)
(1)
Vision - acuity reduction
(1)
Vision - blurred
(1)
Visual field defect
(1)
Visual impairment
(1)
Vomiting
(12)
Weight gain
(6)
Weight loss
(12)
Open Section
Investigation
(100)
3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid
(1)
17OHP
(1)
25-hydroxyvitamin-D3
(2)
Aberrant adrenal receptors
(1)
Acid-base balance
(3)
ACTH
(17)
ACTH stimulation
(13)
Adrenal antibodies
(1)
Adrenaline
(1)
Alanine aminotransferase
(3)
Albumin
(1)
Albumin to creatinine ratio
(2)
Aldosterone (24-hour urine)
(1)
Aldosterone (blood)
(4)
Aldosterone (plasma)
(1)
Aldosterone (serum)
(3)
Aldosterone to renin ratio
(1)
Alkaline phosphatase
(4)
Alpha-fetoprotein
(1)
Ammonia
(1)
Amniocentesis
(1)
Amylase
(1)
Androstenedione
(2)
Angiography
(4)
Anion gap
(3)
Anti-insulin antibodies
(2)
Anti-islet cell antibody
(1)
Antinuclear antibody
(2)
Anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies
(1)
Base excess
(2)
Bicarbonate
(10)
Bilirubin
(3)
Biopsy
(5)
Blood film
(3)
Blood pressure
(12)
BMI
(3)
Bone age
(3)
Bone mineral density
(1)
Bone mineral density test
(1)
Bone scintigraphy
(1)
Brain natriuretic peptide
(1)
C1NP
(1)
C3 complement
(1)
C4 complement
(1)
Calcitonin
(3)
Calcitriol
(1)
Calcium (serum)
(12)
Calcium (urine)
(5)
Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio
(2)
Carcinoembryonic antigen
(1)
Cardiac index
(1)
Catecholamines (24-hour urine)
(2)
Catecholamines (plasma)
(1)
CD-56
(2)
Chest auscultation
(1)
Chloride
(6)
Chromogranin A
(12)
Chromosomal analysis
(2)
Clonidine suppression
(1)
Colonoscopy
(1)
Core needle biopsy
(1)
Corticosterone
(1)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test
(1)
Cortisol
(10)
Cortisol (9am)
(6)
Cortisol (plasma)
(2)
Cortisol (midnight)
(1)
Cortisol (salivary)
(3)
Cortisol (serum)
(14)
Cortisol day curve
(1)
Cortisol, free (24-hour urine)
(7)
C-peptide (blood)
(8)
C-reactive protein
(6)
Creatinine
(5)
Creatine kinase
(2)
Creatinine (serum)
(5)
CRH stimulation
(1)
CTPA scan
(2)
CT scan
(49)
Dehydroepiandrostenedione
(1)
Deoxycorticosterone
(2)
Dexamethasone suppression
(3)
Dexamethasone suppression (high dose)
(2)
Dexamethasone suppression (low dose)
(4)
DHEA Sulphate
(3)
DNA sequencing
(5)
Dopamine
(1)
Echocardiogram
(8)
EEG
(1)
Electrocardiogram
(8)
Electrolytes
(2)
Endoscopic ultrasound
(3)
Endoscopy
(3)
Epinephrine (urine)
(1)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(1)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
(2)
FBC
(2)
FGF23
(1)
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
(9)
FSH
(12)
FT3
(7)
FT4
(18)
GADA
(3)
Gallium scan
(2)
Gastric biopsy
(2)
Gastrin
(1)
Genetic analysis
(9)
GH
(4)
GH day curve
(1)
GH suppression
(1)
Glucagon
(1)
Glucose suppression test
(1)
Glucose (blood)
(18)
Glucose (blood, fasting)
(5)
Glucose (urine)
(1)
Glucose tolerance (oral)
(2)
Gonadotrophins
(2)
Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 test
(1)
Haematoxylin and eosin staining
(10)
Haemoglobin
(4)
Haemoglobin A1c
(7)
HCG (serum)
(1)
Heart rate
(1)
Histopathology
(36)
HLA genotyping
(1)
IGF1
(14)
IGF2
(2)
IGFBP3
(1)
Immunocytochemistry
(1)
Immunohistochemistry
(19)
Immunoglobulins
(1)
Immunoglobulin G4
(2)
Immunostaining
(3)
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling
(2)
Inhibin B
(1)
Insulin
(6)
Insulin tolerance
(1)
Ketones (plasma)
(4)
Ketones (urine)
(1)
Lactate
(5)
Lactate dehydrogenase
(2)
Laparoscopy
(1)
LDL cholesterol
(1)
Leukocyte esterase (urine)
(1)
LH
(12)
Lipase (serum)
(2)
Lipid profile
(1)
Liver biopsy
(3)
Liver function
(5)
Luteinising hormone releasing hormone test
(1)
Magnesium
(4)
Mammogram
(1)
Metanephrines (plasma)
(6)
Metanephrines (urinary)
(6)
Methoxytyramine
(2)
Metyrapone test dose
(1)
MIBG scan
(5)
Molecular genetic analysis
(8)
MRI
(50)
Myocardial biopsy
(1)
Noradrenaline
(1)
Norepinephrine
(1)
Normetanephrine
(5)
Octreotide scan
(5)
Octreotide suppression test
(1)
Oestradiol (E2)
(6)
Osmolality
(2)
Pentagastrin
(1)
PET scan
(12)
pH (blood)
(4)
Phosphate (serum)
(4)
Pituitary function
(3)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
(1)
Potassium
(20)
Prolactin
(16)
Protein electrophoresis
(1)
PTH
(12)
Radionuclide imaging
(4)
Renin (blood)
(4)
Renin plasma activity
(2)
Serum osmolality
(8)
Sestamibi scan
(4)
SHBG
(1)
Skin biopsy
(1)
Sodium
(19)
Somatostatin
(1)
SPECT scan
(2)
Surgical biopsy
(3)
Sweat test
(1)
Synaptophysin
(8)
Systemic vascular resistance index
(1)
Testosterone
(5)
Thyroid transcription factor-1
(1)
Thyroglobulin
(6)
Thyroid antibodies
(5)
Thyroid function
(6)
Thyroid scintigraphy
(3)
Thyroid ultrasonography
(6)
Total cholesterol
(1)
Total T3
(4)
Total T4
(5)
Transaminase
(3)
TRAP 5b
(1)
Triglycerides
(1)
Troponin
(4)
TSH
(21)
TSH receptor antibodies
(3)
Ultrasound-guided biopsy
(4)
Ultrasound scan
(25)
Urea and electrolytes
(6)
Urinalysis
(4)
Urinary free cortisol
(1)
Urine 24-hour volume