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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (263)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (262)
      • Adipose tissue (2)
      • Adrenal (59)
      • Bone (24)
      • Duodenum (3)
      • Heart (5)
      • Hypothalamus (6)
      • Kidney (14)
      • Liver (8)
      • Ovaries (1)
      • Pancreas (48)
      • Parathyroid (21)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (77)
      • Skin (7)
      • Stomach (2)
      • Testes (14)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (43)
    • Open Section Topic (254)
      • Adrenal (50)
      • Andrology (6)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (17)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (3)
      • Developmental endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (55)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (9)
      • Genetics and mutation (9)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (8)
      • Obesity (3)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (5)
      • Pituitary (61)
      • Thyroid (35)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (12)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (219)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (35)
      • Adrenaline (3)
      • Aldosterone (14)
      • Androgens (2)
      • Androstenedione (3)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (4)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (3)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (5)
      • Calcitriol (3)
      • Corticotrophin (1)
      • Cortisol (53)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (2)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FGF23 (1)
      • FSH (34)
      • Gastrin (3)
      • GH (23)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP1 (2)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (3)
      • Glucocorticoids (9)
      • GNRH (3)
      • Gonadotropins (5)
      • HCG (2)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (26)
      • IGF2 (1)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (64)
      • LH (38)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (8)
      • Mineralocorticoids (2)
      • Noradrenaline (5)
      • Normetanephrine (9)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (6)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Progesterone (2)
      • Prolactin (30)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (23)
      • Renin (9)
      • Testosterone (48)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (45)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (27)
      • TSH (46)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (245)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (2)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (13)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (5)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (19)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (2)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (4)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (3)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaemia (4)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (11)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (3)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (5)
      • Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (1)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (3)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Brown tumour (2)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (8)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (3)
      • Conn's syndrome (2)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Craniopharyngioma (2)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (5)
      • Cushing's syndrome (16)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (21)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (29)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (5)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (14)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (1)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (4)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Down syndrome (2)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (4)
      • Empty sella syndrome (3)
      • Eosinophilic myositis (1)
      • Euthyroid sick syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (2)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Gastrinoma (1)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gigantism (2)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Glucagonoma (1)
      • Goitre (4)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (3)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (2)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Graves' disease (7)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (2)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (7)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (7)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (6)
      • Hypercalcaemia (11)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (1)
      • Hyperglycaemia (17)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (6)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (6)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Hyperkalaemia (7)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (3)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (12)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (6)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (12)
      • Hyperthyroidism (11)
      • Hypocalcaemia (5)
      • Hypoglycaemia (19)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (14)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (12)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (7)
      • Hyponatraemia (12)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypophysitis (7)
      • Hypopituitarism (13)
      • Hypothyroidism (18)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (11)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (6)
      • Incidentaloma (4)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (1)
      • Insulin resistance (6)
      • Insulinoma (3)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Iodine allergy (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (2)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (5)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (1)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (4)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (3)
      • MEN1 (4)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Meningitis (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (5)
      • Metastatic chromaffin cell tumour (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (5)
      • Metastatic tumour (3)
      • Microadenoma (2)
      • Motor neurone disease (1)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (2)
      • Myocardial infarction (2)
      • Myositis (3)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (2)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (16)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (1)
      • Osteomalacia (2)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (7)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Paget’s disease (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (2)
      • Pancreatitis (1)
      • Panhypopituitarism (4)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (7)
      • Paraganglioma (2)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (5)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (8)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (2)
      • Periodontal disease (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (10)
      • Pituitary adenoma (26)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (6)
      • Pituitary cyst (1)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (3)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (2)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (2)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (4)
      • Prostate cancer (6)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (1)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (3)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Pulmonary oedema (1)
      • Quadrantanopia (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (3)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (5)
      • Short stature (4)
      • SIADH (4)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Testicular cancer (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (2)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (3)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyroid storm (5)
      • Thyroiditis (12)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (7)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Traumatic brain injury (2)
      • Tuberculosis (2)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (3)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (263)
    • Open Section Age (263)
      • Adolescent/young adult (38)
      • Adult (192)
      • Geriatric (17)
      • Neonatal (11)
      • Paediatric (23)
      • Pregnant adult (1)
    • Open Section Gender (263)
      • Female (29)
      • Male (263)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (263)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (7)
      • Asian - Filipino (3)
      • Asian - Indian (8)
      • Asian - Japanese (26)
      • Asian - Korean (2)
      • Asian - Pakistani (5)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (12)
      • Black - African (9)
      • Black - Caribbean (2)
      • Black - other (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (6)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (5)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (2)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (1)
      • White (175)
      • Other (6)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (255)
      • Argentina (2)
      • Australia (33)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (1)
      • Brazil (1)
      • Canada (5)
      • China (1)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (1)
      • Czech Republic (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (8)
      • Greece (5)
      • India (4)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (1)
      • Ireland (10)
      • Israel (3)
      • Italy (16)
      • Japan (23)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Lebanon (2)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Netherlands (2)
      • New Zealand (3)
      • Nigeria (1)
      • Norway (1)
      • Oman (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (9)
      • Saudi Arabia (3)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Singapore (4)
      • Spain (10)
      • Switzerland (3)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (2)
      • Thailand (1)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (5)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (55)
      • United States (24)
      • Uruguay (1)
      • Venezuela (2)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (247)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (240)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (2)
      • Abdominal lump (3)
      • Abdominal pain (16)
      • Acalculia (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (6)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acrochorda (3)
      • Aggression (1)
      • Agitation (2)
      • Alopecia (2)
      • Altered level of consciousness (4)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (4)
      • Amenorrhoea (2)
      • Amnesia (3)
      • Anaemia (9)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anorexia (13)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anuria (1)
      • Anxiety (6)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite increase (2)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (8)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arteriosclerosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (7)
      • Ascites (2)
      • Asthenia (1)
      • Ataxia (3)
      • Atrial fibrillation (7)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (1)
      • Autonomic neuropathy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (9)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (2)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (7)
      • Bone lesions (4)
      • Bone pain (4)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Bowel obstruction (2)
      • Brachydactyly (2)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (4)
      • Buffalo hump (4)
      • Cachexia (2)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (2)
      • Cardiogenic shock (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (3)
      • Cardiomyopathy (3)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (1)
      • Cataract(s) (1)
      • Central obesity (3)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (1)
      • Cervical pain (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (6)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (2)
      • Cholecystitis (1)
      • Chondrocalcinosis (1)
      • Chronic pain (1)
      • Cirrhosis (2)
      • Citraturia (1)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Coeliac disease (1)
      • Cognitive problems (7)
      • Cold intolerance (1)
      • Collapse (5)
      • Coma (4)
      • Concentration difficulties (4)
      • Confusion (7)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (7)
      • Coughing (7)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Cramps (6)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (3)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (4)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (2)
      • Dehydration (9)
      • Delayed puberty (5)
      • Delirium (1)
      • Dental problems (1)
      • Depression (6)
      • Diabetes insipidus (7)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (18)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (23)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (3)
      • Diabetic foot neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (6)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (13)
      • Diarrhoea (13)
      • Diplopia (7)
      • Dizziness (11)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (5)
      • Dysphagia (5)
      • Dysphonia (3)
      • Dyspnoea (13)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (2)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (2)
      • Eosinophilia (2)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (10)
      • Erythema (6)
      • Eyelid swelling (3)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (5)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial palsy (2)
      • Facial plethora (5)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (6)
      • Facies - moon (5)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (59)
      • Feet - increased size (5)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Feet - pain (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flushing (1)
      • Fungating lesion (1)
      • Gait abnormality (3)
      • Gallstones (1)
      • Genu valgum (1)
      • Genu varum (1)
      • Glucosuria (6)
      • Goitre (15)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (5)
      • Growth retardation (4)
      • Gynaecomastia (17)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (2)
      • Haemoptysis (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Hands - large (2)
      • Head - large (2)
      • Headache (32)
      • Heart failure (8)
      • Heart murmur (1)
      • Heat intolerance (3)
      • Hemianopia (4)
      • Hemiparesis (3)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (4)
      • Hirsutism (1)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (2)
      • Hypercalcaemia (14)
      • Hypercalciuria (4)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (10)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (24)
      • Hyperhidrosis (10)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (7)
      • Hyperkalaemia (9)
      • Hypernatraemia (7)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (14)
      • Hyperplasia (4)
      • Hyperpnoea (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (4)
      • Hyperseborrhea (1)
      • Hypertension (33)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (12)
      • Hypertrichosis (2)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
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      • Hypoalbuminaemia (3)
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      • Hypoglycaemia (23)
      • Hypogonadism (36)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (12)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (5)
      • Hyponatraemia (18)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (6)
      • Hypopituitarism (11)
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      • Liver masses (2)
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      • Malaise (6)
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      • Muscle atrophy (8)
      • Myalgia (9)
      • Myasthaenia (24)
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      • Myxoedema (1)
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      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (3)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (3)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (2)
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      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (6)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (4)
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      • Obesity (20)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (2)
      • Oedema (18)
      • Oliguria (1)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (1)
      • Optic atrophy (2)
      • Osteoarthritis (1)
      • Osteomalacia (2)
      • Osteopenia (6)
      • Osteoporosis (9)
      • Osteosclerosis (4)
      • Pallor (2)
      • Palpitations (16)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (2)
      • Pancytopaenia (2)
      • Panic attacks (1)
      • Papilloedema (2)
      • Paraesthesia (11)
      • Paralysis (2)
      • Peptic ulcer (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (2)
      • Periodontitis (1)
      • Periosteal bone reactions (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (6)
      • Phosphaturia (1)
      • Photophobia (2)
      • Photosensitivity (1)
      • Polycythaemia (1)
      • Polydipsia (30)
      • Polyphagia (1)
      • Polyuria (28)
      • Postural instability (1)
      • Prenatal growth retardation (1)
      • Prognathism (2)
      • Proptosis (2)
      • Proteinuria (6)
      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (3)
      • Psychosis (1)
      • Ptosis (8)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (2)
      • Pulmonary embolism (1)
      • Pyrexia (18)
      • Rash (4)
      • Rectal pain (1)
      • Renal colic (1)
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