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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (109)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (109)
      • Adipose tissue (3)
      • Adrenal (20)
      • Bone (11)
      • Heart (1)
      • Hypothalamus (1)
      • Kidney (5)
      • Liver (3)
      • Ovaries (7)
      • Pancreas (12)
      • Parathyroid (21)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (14)
      • Stomach (1)
      • Testes (2)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (29)
    • Open Section Topic (102)
      • Adrenal (13)
      • Andrology (3)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (13)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (7)
      • Emergency (2)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (7)
      • Genetics and mutation (4)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (6)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (3)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (3)
      • Pituitary (10)
      • Thyroid (27)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (8)
    • Open Section Hormone (93)
      • 17OHP (2)
      • ACTH (12)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • Aldosterone (3)
      • Androgens (1)
      • Androstenedione (3)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (1)
      • AVP (1)
      • Calcitonin (4)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (12)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • DHEA (1)
      • FSH (12)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (3)
      • GLP1 (1)
      • Glucagon (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (4)
      • GNRH (2)
      • Gonadotropins (2)
      • HCG (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (4)
      • Insulin (15)
      • LH (13)
      • Metanephrines (3)
      • Mineralocorticoids (1)
      • Noradrenaline (4)
      • Normetanephrine (5)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (7)
      • Oestrogens (3)
      • Pregnenolone (1)
      • Progesterone (3)
      • Prolactin (6)
      • PTH (24)
      • Renin (2)
      • Somatostatin (1)
      • Testosterone (15)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (23)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (15)
      • TSH (21)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (108)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (2)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (5)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (1)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (4)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaemia (1)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (4)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Breast cancer (2)
      • Brown tumour (4)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (2)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's syndrome (6)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (3)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (2)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (2)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Gastrinoma (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
      • Goitre (3)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (2)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (1)
      • Graves' disease (4)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (1)
      • Gynaecomastia (3)
      • Haemorrhage (2)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (3)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (12)
      • Hyperglycaemia (3)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (1)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (18)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (3)
      • Hypertension (6)
      • Hyperthyroidism (6)
      • Hypocalcaemia (5)
      • Hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hypogonadism (4)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (7)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (2)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypophysitis (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (3)
      • Hypothyroidism (10)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (2)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin resistance (1)
      • Insulinoma (2)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (1)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (3)
      • Lymphadenopathy (3)
      • Macroprolactinoma (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (3)
      • MEN1 (5)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (1)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (6)
      • Metastatic melanoma (2)
      • Microadenoma (1)
      • Motor neurone disease (1)
      • Myositis (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (7)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (1)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (3)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (4)
      • Panhypopituitarism (1)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (6)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (1)
      • Parasitic thyroid nodules (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (14)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (2)
      • Parathyroid cyst (2)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (2)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (7)
      • Pituitary adenoma (6)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (1)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Pregnancy (3)
      • Premature ovarian failure (1)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (1)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (2)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Sexual development disorders (6)
      • Short stature (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (2)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (4)
      • Thyroid nodule (4)
      • Thyroid storm (3)
      • Thyroiditis (10)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (5)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (109)
    • Open Section Age (109)
      • Adolescent/young adult (17)
      • Adult (71)
      • Geriatric (6)
      • Neonatal (5)
      • Paediatric (12)
      • Pregnant adult (8)
    • Open Section Gender (108)
      • Female (69)
      • Male (50)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (109)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (6)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (5)
      • Asian - Japanese (8)
      • Asian - Pakistani (3)
      • Asian - other (9)
      • Black - African (2)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (2)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (67)
      • Other (4)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (107)
      • Australia (13)
      • Brazil (1)
      • Canada (2)
      • China (2)
      • Denmark (2)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (2)
      • Greece (4)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • India (3)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (2)
      • Israel (1)
      • Italy (7)
      • Japan (7)
      • Lebanon (1)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Morocco (1)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (8)
      • Russian Federation (1)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Spain (4)
      • Sri Lanka (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (1)
      • Thailand (2)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (2)
      • United Arab Emirates (2)
      • United Kingdom (21)
      • United States (8)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (109)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (109)
      • Abdominal distension (2)
      • Abdominal cramp (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (2)
      • Abdominal lump (1)
      • Abdominal pain (11)
      • Abdominal tenderness (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (1)
      • Acne (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Alopecia (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (5)
      • Anaemia (6)
      • Anorexia (2)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anxiety (3)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (2)
      • Arthralgia (2)
      • Ascites (1)
      • Asthenia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (4)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Back pain (5)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone lesions (2)
      • Bone pain (4)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (1)
      • Brachydactyly (2)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Cardiopulmonary arrest (1)
      • Cervical pain (2)
      • Chest pain (3)
      • Chills (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (1)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Cognitive problems (1)
      • Coma (1)
      • Concentration difficulties (2)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (2)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coughing (2)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Cramps (2)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (2)
      • Dehydration (2)
      • Delayed puberty (1)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus (2)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (4)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diarrhoea (5)
      • Diplopia (2)
      • Dizziness (5)
      • Dyslipidaemia (1)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dysphagia (2)
      • Dysphonia (4)
      • Dyspnoea (3)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (2)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (2)
      • Erythema (3)
      • Eyelid swelling (1)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (1)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial plethora (1)
      • Facial weakness (1)
      • Facies - abnormal (3)
      • Facies - moon (2)
      • Fatigue (22)
      • Feet - increased size (2)
      • Flatulence (1)
      • Flushing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Gait unsteadiness (1)
      • Genu valgum (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Glucosuria (1)
      • Goitre (11)
      • Growth retardation (1)
      • Gynaecomastia (5)
      • Haematuria (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (1)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (14)
      • Heart failure (3)
      • Heat intolerance (2)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (1)
      • Hirsutism (3)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (16)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (3)
      • Hyperglycaemia (4)
      • Hyperhidrosis (3)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (5)
      • Hyperkalaemia (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (4)
      • Hyperplasia (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (3)
      • Hypertension (16)
      • Hyperthyroidism (10)
      • Hypoadrenalism (1)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (2)
      • Hypocalciuria (3)
      • Hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hypogonadism (13)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (5)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (4)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (3)
      • Hypotension (3)
      • Hypothermia (1)
      • Hypothyroidism (7)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (1)
      • Infections (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Ischaemia (1)
      • Kidney stones (3)
      • Learning difficulties (1)
      • Leg pain (3)
      • Leukocytosis (4)
      • Libido reduction/loss (3)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenectomy (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (2)
      • Macroglossia (2)
      • Malaise (1)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (1)
      • Microalbuminuria (1)
      • Micropenis (3)
      • Mood changes/swings (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (2)
      • Myalgia (1)
      • Myasthaenia (11)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myopathy (2)
      • Nausea (11)
      • Neck mass (6)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (2)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (2)
      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nocturia (1)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (2)
      • Obesity (5)
      • Oedema (6)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Oliguria (2)
      • Osteoarthritis (1)
      • Osteopenia (5)
      • Osteoporosis (9)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cysts (4)
      • Palpitations (8)
      • Pancreatitis (3)
      • Paraesthesia (7)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Peptic ulcer (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (4)
      • Photophobia (2)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Polycythaemia (1)
      • Polydipsia (8)
      • Polyuria (8)
      • Postural instability (1)
      • Premature birth (1)
      • Prognathism (1)
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      • Proteinuria (1)
      • Pruritus (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Ptosis (1)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (1)
      • Pyrexia (11)
      • Pyuria (1)
      • Rash (1)
      • Rectal pain (1)
      • Renal colic (1)
      • Renal cyst (1)
      • Renal failure (2)
      • Renal insufficiency (2)
      • Respiratory failure (2)
      • Retinopathy (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Salt wasting (1)
      • Sarcoidosis (2)
      • Seizures (5)
      • Sepsis (1)
      • Septic shock (2)
      • Shivering (1)
      • Short stature (3)
      • Sinusitis (1)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin - texture change (1)
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      • Skin thinning (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (1)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Soft tissue swelling (1)
      • Somnolence (1)
      • Sore throat (1)
      • Spasms (1)
      • Speech delay (1)
      • Splenomegaly (1)
      • Sputum production (1)
      • Striae (3)
      • Stroke (2)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (2)
      • Sweating (6)
      • Syncope (3)
      • Tachycardia (9)
      • Tachypnoea (1)
      • Tetany (3)
      • Thrombocytopenia (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (3)
      • Toe clubbing (1)
      • Tracheo-oesophageal compression (1)
      • Tremulousness (6)
      • Uterus duplex (1)
      • Ventricular fibrillation (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (2)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (1)
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      • Visual field defect (1)
      • Visual impairment (1)
      • Vocal cord paresis (1)
      • Vomiting (10)
      • Weight gain (6)
      • Weight loss (12)
    • Open Section Investigation (109)
      • 17OHP (2)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (5)
      • Aberrant adrenal receptors (1)
      • ACTH (13)
      • ACTH stimulation (7)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (1)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (4)
      • Albumin (6)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (3)
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      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (1)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (12)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific) (1)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (4)
      • Ammonia (1)
      • Amniocentesis (1)
      • Amylase (1)
      • Androstenedione (3)
      • Angiography (6)
      • Anti-insulin antibodies (1)
      • Anti-islet cell antibody (1)
      • Antinuclear antibody (2)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (2)
      • Bilirubin (4)
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      • BMI (8)
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      • Bone scintigraphy (5)
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      • CT scan (49)
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      • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1)
      • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (5)
      • FBC (1)
      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (16)
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      • FSH (17)
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      • FT4 (23)
      • GADA (2)
      • Gallium scan (1)
      • Gastric biopsy (1)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • Genetic analysis (9)
      • GH (2)
      • Glucose (blood) (8)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (3)
      • Glucose (blood, postprandial) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (3)
      • GNRH stimulation (1)
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      • Haematoxylin and eosin staining (8)
      • Haemoglobin (9)
      • Haemoglobin A1c (6)
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      • HCG (urine) (1)
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      • HLA genotyping (1)
      • HOMA (2)
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      • IGF1 (5)
      • IgG4/IgG ratio (2)
      • Immunocytochemistry (1)
      • Immunohistochemistry (21)
      • Immunoglobulins (1)
      • Immunoglobulin G2 (2)
      • Immunoglobulin G4 (4)
      • Immunoglobulin A (1)
      • Immunoglobulin M (1)
      • Immunostaining (2)
      • Insulin (8)
      • Insulin (fasting) (1)
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      • Lactate dehydrogenase (4)
      • Laparoscopy (2)
      • LDL cholesterol (1)
      • LH (16)
      • Lipase (serum) (3)
      • Lipid profile (1)
      • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
      • Liver biopsy (1)
      • Liver function (4)
      • Lumbar puncture (1)
      • Lung function testing (1)
      • Magnesium (3)
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      • Metanephrines (plasma) (3)
      • Metanephrines (urinary) (2)
      • Methoxytyramine (1)
      • MIBG scan (4)
      • Microarray analysis (2)
      • Molecular genetic analysis (18)
      • MRI (42)
      • Norepinephrine (3)
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      • NTX (1)
      • OCT (1)
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      • Oestradiol (E2) (8)
      • Osteocalcin (2)
      • Parathyroid scintigraphy (3)
      • Pentagastrin (2)
      • PET scan (13)
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