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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (144)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (144)
      • Adrenal (58)
      • Bone (7)
      • Duodenum (2)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (7)
      • Kidney (4)
      • Liver (1)
      • Ovaries (2)
      • Pancreas (8)
      • Parathyroid (6)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (58)
      • Skin (2)
      • Stomach (1)
      • Testes (3)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (28)
    • Open Section Topic (139)
      • Adrenal (52)
      • Andrology (1)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (3)
      • Diabetes (4)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (6)
      • Genetics and mutation (3)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (1)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (4)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (1)
      • Pituitary (44)
      • Thyroid (23)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (131)
      • 17OHP (7)
      • ACTH (56)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • Aldosterone (9)
      • Androgens (6)
      • Androstenedione (7)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (6)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (1)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (75)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • Deoxycortisol (2)
      • DHEA (6)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FSH (23)
      • Gastrin (1)
      • GH (17)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (14)
      • GNRH (1)
      • Gonadotropins (4)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (17)
      • IGF2 (4)
      • Insulin (12)
      • LH (26)
      • Metanephrines (6)
      • Mineralocorticoids (4)
      • Noradrenaline (2)
      • Normetanephrine (4)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (6)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Progesterone (3)
      • Prolactin (29)
      • PTH (8)
      • Renin (10)
      • Testosterone (26)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (42)
      • TRH (1)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (18)
      • TSH (46)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (143)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • Abscess (3)
      • Acromegaly (7)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (9)
      • Adenocarcinoma (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (31)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (5)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (2)
      • Asthma (2)
      • Autoimmune disorders (7)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (2)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (7)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (3)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (12)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (7)
      • Cushing's syndrome (19)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (13)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (7)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (1)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (2)
      • Empty sella syndrome (2)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Goitre (2)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (4)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (2)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Graves' disease (7)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (3)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (1)
      • Gynaecomastia (3)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (4)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (2)
      • Hypercalcaemia (7)
      • Hyperglycaemia (6)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (3)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (7)
      • Hypertension (7)
      • Hyperthyroidism (10)
      • Hypocalcaemia (3)
      • Hypoglycaemia (5)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (7)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (9)
      • Hypokalaemia (5)
      • Hyponatraemia (13)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypophysitis (10)
      • Hypopituitarism (24)
      • Hypothyroidism (20)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (6)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (4)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin resistance (1)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (1)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lung metastases (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (4)
      • MEN1 (1)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (2)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (2)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Microadenoma (2)
      • Myelolipoma (3)
      • Myositis (1)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (7)
      • Neurofibromatosis (1)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Osteoporosis (1)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (1)
      • Panhypopituitarism (10)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (3)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (7)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (1)
      • Pituitary abscess (2)
      • Pituitary adenoma (20)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (6)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (3)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (3)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (3)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pre-eclampsia (1)
      • Pregnancy (2)
      • Prolactinoma (1)
      • Prostate cancer (4)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (3)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (5)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • Short stature (1)
      • SIADH (3)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (2)
      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (3)
      • Thyroid storm (7)
      • Thyroiditis (9)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (8)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (2)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (144)
    • Open Section Age (143)
      • Adolescent/young adult (20)
      • Adult (106)
      • Geriatric (7)
      • Neonatal (3)
      • Paediatric (11)
      • Pregnant adult (2)
    • Open Section Gender (143)
      • Female (82)
      • Male (67)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (144)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (9)
      • Asian - Indian (4)
      • Asian - Japanese (13)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (7)
      • Black - African (2)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (3)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (92)
      • Other (4)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (139)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (15)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (3)
      • Canada (6)
      • China (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • France (2)
      • Germany (5)
      • Greece (4)
      • India (2)
      • Ireland (3)
      • Israel (2)
      • Italy (3)
      • Japan (11)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Netherlands (2)
      • New Zealand (3)
      • Norway (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (11)
      • Singapore (5)
      • Spain (2)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (2)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (3)
      • Thailand (1)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (1)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (29)
      • United States (11)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (144)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (140)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (3)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (9)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (1)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Agitation (4)
      • Albuminuria (1)
      • Alopecia (3)
      • Altered level of consciousness (4)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (12)
      • Amnesia (2)
      • Anaemia (5)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (9)
      • Anxiety (2)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (2)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (6)
      • Asthenia (5)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (11)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (2)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bloating (2)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone lesions (1)
      • Bone pain (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (1)
      • Bradycardia (3)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (6)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiac tamponade (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (1)
      • Cardiomegaly (2)
      • Cardiomyopathy (2)
      • Central obesity (1)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (1)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (1)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Cognitive problems (2)
      • Collapse (1)
      • Coma (4)
      • Concentration difficulties (3)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (5)
      • Coughing (6)
      • Crackles (2)
      • Cramps (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (1)
      • Dehydration (7)
      • Delayed puberty (1)
      • Delirium (2)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus (10)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (6)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (1)
      • Diarrhoea (10)
      • Diplopia (8)
      • Dizziness (5)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (2)
      • Dyspepsia (1)
      • Dysphagia (5)
      • Dysphonia (2)
      • Dyspnoea (12)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (5)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (3)
      • Erythema (1)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (4)
      • Facial fullness (5)
      • Facial palsy (1)
      • Facial plethora (6)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (2)
      • Facies - moon (3)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (45)
      • Feet - increased size (4)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flushing (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucosuria (1)
      • Goitre (14)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (2)
      • Growth retardation (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (8)
      • Haematoma (6)
      • Haematuria (2)
      • Haemoptysis (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Hands - large (1)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (35)
      • Hearing loss (1)
      • Heart failure (11)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (3)
      • Hemianopia (4)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (4)
      • Hirsutism (5)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (5)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (12)
      • Hyperglycaemia (11)
      • Hyperhidrosis (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (6)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperpigmentation (16)
      • Hyperplasia (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
      • Hypertension (22)
      • Hyperthyroidism (7)
      • Hypertrichosis (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (8)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (2)
      • Hypocalciuria (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (9)
      • Hypogonadism (21)
      • Hypokalaemia (13)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (1)
      • Hyponatraemia (24)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypopituitarism (19)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (29)
      • Hypothyroidism (23)
      • Hypotonia (2)
      • Hypoxia (5)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Insomnia (1)
      • Insulin resistance (1)
      • Irritability (1)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Ketonuria (2)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (2)
      • Leg pain (5)
      • Leukocytosis (5)
      • Libido reduction/loss (7)
      • Lips - dry (1)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (6)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (5)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (4)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (2)
      • Micropenis (2)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (7)
      • Myalgia (3)
      • Myasthaenia (16)
      • Myeloma (2)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myopathy (1)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Myxoedema (1)
      • Nail dystrophy (1)
      • Nausea (23)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (5)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (2)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (2)
      • Neurofibromas (1)
      • Nocturia (3)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (6)
      • Obesity (9)
      • Oedema (10)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Oliguria (2)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteopenia (2)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Osteosclerosis (3)
      • Pallor (1)
      • Palpitations (7)
      • Papilloedema (3)
      • Paraesthesia (6)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Paranoia (2)
      • Pelvic mass (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (2)
      • Peripheral oedema (4)
      • Petechiae (1)
      • Photophobia (3)
      • Photosensitivity (1)
      • Pneumonia (5)
      • Poikiloderma (1)
      • Polydipsia (15)
      • Polyuria (15)
      • Prognathism (1)
      • Proptosis (6)
      • Proteinuria (3)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (2)
      • Ptosis (4)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (1)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (3)
      • Pulmonary embolism (1)
      • Pyrexia (23)
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      • Rash (2)
      • Rectorrhagia (1)
      • Renal failure (6)
      • Renal insufficiency (4)
      • Respiratory failure (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Salivary gland swelling (1)
      • Salt craving (1)
      • Salt wasting (3)
      • Sarcoidosis (3)
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      • Seizures (6)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Septic shock (1)
      • Short stature (3)
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      • Sixth nerve palsy (3)
      • Skeletal deformity (1)
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      • Slow growth (1)
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      • Supraclavicular fat pads (5)
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      • Tachycardia (13)
      • Tachypnoea (1)
      • Teeth gapping (1)
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      • T-reflex (depressed) (1)
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      • Thermodysregulation (1)
      • Thrombocytopenia (5)
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      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (8)
      • Tremulousness (9)
      • Tricuspid insufficiency (1)
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      • Ventricular hypertrophy (2)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (4)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (3)
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      • Visual disturbance (4)
      • Visual field defect (5)
      • Visual impairment (9)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vomiting (26)
      • Weight gain (14)
      • Weight loss (23)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (144)
      • 17OHP (8)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (6)
      • 5HIAA (1)
      • Aberrant adrenal receptors (1)
      • Acid-base balance (1)
      • ACTH (60)
      • ACTH stimulation (35)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (2)
      • Adrenal antibodies (8)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (2)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (3)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (6)
      • Albumin (9)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (5)
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      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (2)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (11)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific) (1)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (1)
      • AMH (1)
      • Ammonia (2)
      • Androstenedione (9)
      • Angiography (6)
      • Anion gap (1)
      • Anti-acetylcholine antibodies (1)
      • Anticardiolipin antibody (1)
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      • Antinuclear antibody (4)
      • Apolipoprotein H (1)
      • Bicarbonate (5)
      • Bilirubin (4)
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      • Blood film (1)
      • Blood pressure (20)
      • BMI (6)
      • Bone age (7)
      • Bone biopsy (4)
      • Bone mineral content (1)
      • Bone mineral density (4)
      • Bone scintigraphy (1)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (3)
      • C1NP (1)
      • C3 complement (3)
      • C4 complement (3)
      • Calcifediol (2)
      • Calcitriol (2)
      • Calcium (serum) (13)
      • Calcium (urine) (4)
      • Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (1)
      • Catecholamines (24-hour urine) (2)
      • Catecholamines (plasma) (1)
      • Chemokines (1)
      • Chest auscultation (1)
      • Chloride (5)
      • Chromatography (2)
      • Chromogranin A (9)
      • Chromosomal analysis (2)
      • Clomid challenge (1)
      • Corticosterone (2)
      • Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test (4)
      • Cortisol (41)
      • Cortisol (9am) (12)
      • Cortisol (plasma) (7)
      • Cortisol (midnight) (2)
      • Cortisol (salivary) (2)
      • Cortisol (serum) (26)
      • Cortisol day curve (2)
      • Cortisol, free (24-hour urine) (9)
      • C-peptide (24-hour urine) (1)
      • C-peptide (blood) (6)
      • C-reactive protein (12)
      • Creatinine (10)
      • Creatine kinase (2)
      • Creatinine (serum) (10)
      • CRH stimulation (3)
      • CTPA scan (3)
      • CT scan (68)
      • Cytokines (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (4)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
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