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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (381)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (380)
      • Adipose tissue (5)
      • Adrenal (84)
      • Bone (26)
      • Duodenum (6)
      • Heart (6)
      • Hypothalamus (9)
      • Kidney (19)
      • Liver (10)
      • Ovaries (16)
      • Pancreas (75)
      • Parathyroid (33)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (92)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Skin (4)
      • Stomach (6)
      • Testes (5)
      • Thymus (3)
      • Thyroid (78)
    • Open Section Topic (364)
      • Adrenal (72)
      • Andrology (4)
      • Autoimmunity (3)
      • Bone (18)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (5)
      • Developmental endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (67)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (22)
      • Genetics and mutation (8)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (7)
      • Mineral (2)
      • Neuroendocrinology (13)
      • Obesity (5)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (7)
      • Pituitary (70)
      • Puberty (3)
      • Thyroid (64)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (14)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (331)
      • 17OHP (6)
      • ACTH (60)
      • Adrenaline (6)
      • Aldosterone (19)
      • Androgens (5)
      • Androstenedione (7)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (6)
      • AVP (6)
      • Calcitonin (8)
      • Calcitriol (4)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Corticotrophin (1)
      • Cortisol (83)
      • Cortisone (2)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • Deoxycortisol (3)
      • DHEA (4)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (2)
      • Dopamine (3)
      • FGF23 (2)
      • FSH (46)
      • Gastrin (4)
      • GH (32)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP1 (3)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (7)
      • Glucocorticoids (10)
      • GNRH (6)
      • Gonadotropins (8)
      • HCG (2)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (33)
      • IGF2 (4)
      • Insulin (89)
      • Kisspeptin (1)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (49)
      • Metanephrines (13)
      • Mineralocorticoids (6)
      • Noradrenaline (8)
      • Normetanephrine (11)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (16)
      • Oestrogens (4)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Peptide YY (1)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Progesterone (9)
      • Prolactin (43)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (34)
      • Renin (13)
      • Somatostatin (4)
      • Testosterone (42)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (84)
      • TRH (4)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (40)
      • TSH (86)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (356)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (1)
      • Acromegaly (11)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (9)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (24)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (9)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (5)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (4)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (2)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (2)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (3)
      • Anaemia (4)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (1)
      • Asthma (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (17)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (4)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (6)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (5)
      • Breast cancer (3)
      • Brown tumour (2)
      • CASR gene mutation (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (2)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (4)
      • Conn's syndrome (4)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (6)
      • Cushing's syndrome (28)
      • Developmental abnormalities (2)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (4)
      • Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (16)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (23)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (31)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (2)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (15)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Down syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (3)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (7)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fetal demise (2)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (3)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (6)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Glucagonoma (2)
      • Goitre (4)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (5)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (3)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Granuloma (3)
      • Graves' disease (13)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (4)
      • Haemorrhage (2)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (10)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (10)
      • Hyperandrogenism (6)
      • Hypercalcaemia (18)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (24)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (5)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (7)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hyperkalaemia (6)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (8)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (4)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (21)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (7)
      • Hypertension (12)
      • Hyperthyroidism (19)
      • Hypocalcaemia (5)
      • Hypoglycaemia (28)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (15)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (11)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (15)
      • Hyponatraemia (16)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (4)
      • Hypophysitis (9)
      • Hypopituitarism (19)
      • Hypothyroidism (39)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (19)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (3)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (5)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (3)
      • Infertility (2)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (5)
      • Insulin resistance (7)
      • Insulinoma (2)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (3)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (2)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (4)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (2)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Leydig cell tumour (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (1)
      • Lipomatosis (2)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lung metastases (2)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (3)
      • Macroprolactinoma (5)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (6)
      • MEN1 (10)
      • MEN2A (2)
      • Meningitis (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (8)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (11)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Metastatic tumour (4)
      • Microadenoma (7)
      • Microprolactinoma (3)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (3)
      • Myocardial infarction (2)
      • Myositis (2)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (3)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (26)
      • Neurofibromatosis (3)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (4)
      • Osteomalacia (2)
      • Osteoporosis (9)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (5)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (3)
      • Paget’s disease (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (3)
      • Pancreatitis (6)
      • Panhypopituitarism (7)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (17)
      • Paraganglioma (3)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (3)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (15)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (3)
      • Parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (3)
      • PCOS (6)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (15)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (2)
      • Pituitary abscess (2)
      • Pituitary adenoma (37)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (8)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (2)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (4)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (6)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (3)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (4)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (3)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Pre-eclampsia (2)
      • Pregnancy (3)
      • Premature ovarian failure (4)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (5)
      • Prostate cancer (6)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (2)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Pulmonary oedema (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (4)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (3)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (7)
      • Short stature (6)
      • SIADH (5)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (2)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Struma ovarii (4)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (2)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (4)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (8)
      • Thyroid dysgenesis (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (8)
      • Thyroid storm (6)
      • Thyroiditis (19)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (11)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (3)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (3)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (381)
    • Open Section Age (380)
      • Adolescent/young adult (43)
      • Adult (278)
      • Geriatric (20)
      • Neonatal (9)
      • Paediatric (32)
      • Pregnant adult (13)
    • Open Section Gender (379)
      • Female (230)
      • Male (168)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (381)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (24)
      • Asian - Filipino (4)
      • Asian - Indian (10)
      • Asian - Japanese (30)
      • Asian - Pakistani (4)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (15)
      • Black - African (11)
      • Black - Caribbean (2)
      • Black - other (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (6)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (6)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (6)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (1)
      • White (251)
      • Other (14)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (369)
      • Albania (1)
      • Argentina (3)
      • Australia (43)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (3)
      • Brazil (4)
      • Canada (11)
      • China (2)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (2)
      • Czech Republic (1)
      • Denmark (6)
      • Finland (1)
      • France (3)
      • Germany (7)
      • Greece (10)
      • Hong Kong (2)
      • India (2)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (2)
      • Ireland (13)
      • Israel (5)
      • Italy (16)
      • Japan (28)
      • Lebanon (2)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (4)
      • Netherlands (4)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Nigeria (1)
      • Oman (1)
      • Peru (2)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (19)
      • Puerto Rico (3)
      • Russian Federation (3)
      • Saudi Arabia (2)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Singapore (7)
      • Spain (14)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (5)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (4)
      • Thailand (2)
      • Tunisia (2)
      • Turkey (3)
      • United Arab Emirates (3)
      • United Kingdom (71)
      • United States (43)
      • Uruguay (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (360)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (358)
      • Abdominal adiposity (2)
      • Abdominal distension (6)
      • Abdominal cramp (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (4)
      • Abdominal pain (37)
      • Abdominal tenderness (2)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (7)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (6)
      • Acrochorda (3)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (5)
      • Albuminuria (2)
      • Alopecia (6)
      • Altered level of consciousness (5)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (30)
      • Amnesia (5)
      • Anaemia (15)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (17)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anovulation (1)
      • Anxiety (10)
      • Aphasia (2)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite increase (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (18)
      • Arteriosclerosis (2)
      • Arthralgia (8)
      • Ascites (1)
      • Asthenia (7)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (11)
      • Atrophy (2)
      • Autism (2)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (10)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (3)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (1)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (6)
      • Bone lesions (3)
      • Bone pain (5)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Bowel obstruction (3)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (2)
      • Bradycardia (3)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (7)
      • Buffalo hump (6)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (2)
      • Cardiac tamponade (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (3)
      • Cardiomegaly (3)
      • Cardiomyopathy (7)
      • Cardiopulmonary arrest (1)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (1)
      • Central obesity (5)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (1)
      • Cervical pain (2)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (10)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (2)
      • Chills (2)
      • Cholecystitis (1)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Cirrhosis (2)
      • Clitoromegaly (2)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Coeliac disease (1)
      • Cognitive problems (4)
      • Cold intolerance (5)
      • Collapse (3)
      • Coma (2)
      • Concentration difficulties (2)
      • Confusion (13)
      • Constipation (11)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (13)
      • Crackles (5)
      • Cramps (6)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (2)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (3)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (2)
      • Dehydration (12)
      • Delayed puberty (4)
      • Delirium (4)
      • Depression (10)
      • Diabetes insipidus (14)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (20)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (26)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (2)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (3)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (15)
      • Diarrhoea (20)
      • Diplopia (8)
      • Dizziness (16)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (7)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dyspepsia (1)
      • Dysphagia (10)
      • Dysphonia (5)
      • Dyspnoea (27)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (2)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (9)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (2)
      • Eosinophilia (2)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (5)
      • Erythema (4)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (4)
      • Face - coarse features (7)
      • Facial fullness (5)
      • Facial palsy (3)
      • Facial plethora (11)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (11)
      • Facies - moon (11)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (2)
      • Fatigue (83)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (8)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flatulence (1)
      • Flushing (2)
      • Frontal bossing (2)
      • Gait abnormality (3)
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      • Galactorrhoea (6)
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      • Genu valgum (1)
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      • Gestational diabetes (2)
      • Glucosuria (6)
      • Goitre (21)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (6)
      • Growth retardation (6)
      • Gynaecomastia (11)
      • Haematoma (6)
      • Haematuria (5)
      • Haemoptysis (4)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
      • Hallucination (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (6)
      • Head - large (2)
      • Headache (61)
      • Hearing loss (1)
      • Heart failure (10)
      • Heart murmur (4)
      • Heat intolerance (3)
      • Hemianopia (8)
      • Hemiparesis (2)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (3)
      • Hepatomegaly (7)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (20)
      • Hot flushes (3)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (6)
      • Hypercalcaemia (26)
      • Hypercalciuria (2)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (4)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (22)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (3)
      • Hyperglycaemia (35)
      • Hyperhidrosis (14)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (15)
      • Hyperkalaemia (8)
      • Hypernatraemia (10)
      • Hyperpigmentation (16)
      • Hyperplasia (4)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (6)
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      • Hypertension (58)
      • Hyperthyroidism (19)
      • Hypertrichosis (3)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
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      • Hypoadrenalism (7)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (4)
      • Hypocalciuria (6)
      • Hypoglycaemia (34)
      • Hypogonadism (35)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (4)
      • Hypokalaemia (28)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (4)
      • Hyponatraemia (24)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (9)
      • Hypopituitarism (16)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
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      • Hypotension (31)
      • Hypothyroidism (38)
      • Hypotonia (3)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (1)
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      • Hypoxia (6)
      • Impulsivity (1)
      • Inattention (1)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Insomnia (3)
      • Insulin resistance (7)
      • Irritability (5)
      • Ischaemia (2)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Ketonuria (5)
      • Kidney dysplasia (2)
      • Kidney stones (3)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Kyphosis (1)
      • Leg pain (10)
      • Leukocytosis (9)
      • Libido reduction/loss (9)
      • Lips - dry (1)
      • Liver masses (3)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenectomy (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (7)
      • Macroglossia (4)
      • Malaise (10)
      • Mania (1)
      • Menorrhagia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (3)
      • Metabolic acidosis (13)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (9)
      • Microalbuminuria (2)
      • Micropenis (5)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Mood changes/swings (3)
      • Muscle atrophy (11)
      • Myalgia (10)
      • Myasthaenia (35)
      • Mydriasis (1)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (4)
      • Myopathy (6)
      • Myxoedema (3)
      • Nasal obstruction (1)
      • Nausea (42)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
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