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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (139)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (138)
      • Adipose tissue (4)
      • Adrenal (33)
      • Bone (12)
      • Duodenum (4)
      • Heart (2)
      • Hypothalamus (4)
      • Kidney (14)
      • Liver (6)
      • Ovaries (8)
      • Pancreas (21)
      • Parathyroid (19)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (32)
      • Skin (1)
      • Stomach (2)
      • Testes (7)
      • Thymus (2)
      • Thyroid (14)
    • Open Section Topic (134)
      • Adrenal (28)
      • Andrology (5)
      • Bone (16)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (3)
      • Developmental endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (17)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (7)
      • Genetics and mutation (15)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (3)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (4)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (6)
      • Pituitary (29)
      • Puberty (2)
      • Thyroid (11)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (5)
    • Open Section Hormone (104)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (16)
      • Adrenaline (3)
      • Aldosterone (7)
      • Androgens (3)
      • Androstenedione (4)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (1)
      • AVP (2)
      • Calcitonin (5)
      • Calcitriol (2)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (21)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (2)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • FSH (17)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (15)
      • Glucocorticoids (2)
      • GNRH (2)
      • Gonadotropins (4)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (11)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (21)
      • LH (18)
      • Metanephrines (7)
      • Mineralocorticoids (1)
      • Noradrenaline (4)
      • Normetanephrine (8)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (7)
      • Oestrogens (2)
      • Pregnenolone (2)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (10)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (17)
      • Renin (5)
      • Somatostatin (1)
      • Testosterone (17)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (14)
      • TRH (2)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (6)
      • TSH (11)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (126)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency (1)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (2)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Adenocarcinoma (1)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (9)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (2)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (2)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (3)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (1)
      • Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (1)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Breast cancer (2)
      • CASR gene mutation (1)
      • Carney complex (2)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (2)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (7)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (5)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (2)
      • Cushing's syndrome (5)
      • Developmental abnormalities (2)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (4)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (2)
      • Eating disorders (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (1)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (3)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Goitre (3)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (5)
      • Gynaecomastia (4)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (8)
      • Hyperglycaemia (6)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Hyperkalaemia (2)
      • Hypernatraemia (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (10)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (1)
      • Hypocalcaemia (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (7)
      • Hypogonadism (8)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (6)
      • Hypokalaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (4)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (8)
      • Hypothyroidism (9)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (1)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin resistance (2)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (3)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (1)
      • Leydig cell tumour (1)
      • Lipodystrophy (1)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (1)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (1)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (2)
      • MEN1 (7)
      • MEN2A (2)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (3)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (1)
      • Microadenoma (3)
      • Microprolactinoma (1)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (4)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (7)
      • Neurofibromatosis (3)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (2)
      • Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (1)
      • Osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
      • Osteomalacia (1)
      • Osteoporosis (3)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (2)
      • Ovarian tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (4)
      • Panhypopituitarism (1)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (6)
      • Paraganglioma (3)
      • Paranasal sinus lesion (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (7)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (3)
      • PCOS (3)
      • Periodontal disease (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (11)
      • Pituitary adenoma (10)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (3)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
      • Pre-eclampsia (1)
      • Premature ovarian failure (3)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (2)
      • Prolactinoma (1)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (2)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (3)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (4)
      • Short stature (7)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (2)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyroiditis (1)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (139)
    • Open Section Age (139)
      • Adolescent/young adult (28)
      • Adult (78)
      • Geriatric (4)
      • Neonatal (12)
      • Paediatric (28)
      • Pregnant adult (5)
    • Open Section Gender (138)
      • Female (88)
      • Male (63)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (139)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (9)
      • Asian - Filipino (2)
      • Asian - Indian (8)
      • Asian - Japanese (7)
      • Asian - Korean (1)
      • Asian - Pakistani (5)
      • Asian - other (7)
      • Black - African (4)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • White (91)
      • Other (6)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (135)
      • Australia (16)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Brazil (4)
      • Canada (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (5)
      • Greece (5)
      • Hong Kong (2)
      • India (2)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (1)
      • Ireland (3)
      • Italy (4)
      • Japan (7)
      • Lebanon (1)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • New Zealand (1)
      • Oman (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (7)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Singapore (3)
      • Spain (7)
      • Switzerland (2)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Tunisia (2)
      • Turkey (1)
      • United Arab Emirates (3)
      • United Kingdom (35)
      • United States (16)
      • Uruguay (1)
      • Venezuela (2)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (126)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (123)
      • Abdominal distension (1)
      • Abdominal discomfort (2)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (13)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (1)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Aggression (1)
      • Alopecia (1)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (9)
      • Amnesia (1)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anxiety (1)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (2)
      • Arthralgia (3)
      • Asthenia (3)
      • Ataxia (1)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Autism (2)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Behavioural problems (2)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (1)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone pain (3)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Brachydactyly (3)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (1)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (4)
      • Cardiomegaly (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (2)
      • Cataract(s) (1)
      • Central obesity (1)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chondrocalcinosis (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (2)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Cognitive problems (3)
      • Cold intolerance (2)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Concentration difficulties (1)
      • Confusion (2)
      • Constipation (1)
      • Coughing (1)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Cramps (3)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (4)
      • Cryptorchidism (3)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (1)
      • Dehydration (2)
      • Delayed puberty (5)
      • Dental problems (1)
      • Depression (2)
      • Diabetes insipidus (4)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (4)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (1)
      • Diarrhoea (6)
      • Dizziness (4)
      • Dyslipidaemia (2)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dysphagia (4)
      • Dysphonia (1)
      • Dyspnoea (4)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (2)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (2)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (2)
      • Erythema (1)
      • Eyelid swelling (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (4)
      • Facial fullness (2)
      • Facial palsy (2)
      • Facial plethora (3)
      • Facies - abnormal (9)
      • Facies - moon (3)
      • Failure to thrive (4)
      • Fatigue (17)
      • Feet - increased size (2)
      • Flushing (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (3)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Glucosuria (4)
      • Goitre (7)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (6)
      • Growth retardation (7)
      • Gynaecomastia (10)
      • Haematuria (3)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (22)
      • Hearing loss (2)
      • Heart failure (2)
      • Heart murmur (3)
      • Hemianopia (1)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (2)
      • Hirsutism (5)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (3)
      • Hypercalcaemia (11)
      • Hypercalciuria (3)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (1)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (9)
      • Hyperhidrosis (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (7)
      • Hyperkalaemia (3)
      • Hypernatraemia (2)
      • Hyperpigmentation (7)
      • Hyperplasia (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyperseborrhea (1)
      • Hypertension (14)
      • Hypertrichosis (3)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (2)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypocalciuria (4)
      • Hypoglycaemia (9)
      • Hypogonadism (17)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (2)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (4)
      • Hyponatraemia (5)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (6)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (7)
      • Hypothyroidism (9)
      • Hypotonia (4)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (2)
      • Hypoxia (2)
      • Immunodeficiency (1)
      • Infections (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insomnia (1)
      • Insulin resistance (2)
      • Irritability (4)
      • Jaundice (1)
      • Ketonuria (2)
      • Kidney dysplasia (1)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (2)
      • Kyphosis (1)
      • Learning difficulties (1)
      • Leg pain (1)
      • Leukocytosis (2)
      • Libido increase (1)
      • Libido reduction/loss (4)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (1)
      • Macroglossia (3)
      • Malaise (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (4)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (1)
      • Micropenis (6)
      • Mood changes/swings (2)
      • Muscle atrophy (2)
      • Myalgia (1)
      • Myasthaenia (4)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myopathy (2)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Nausea (9)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (1)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (1)
      • Neurofibromas (3)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (2)
      • Nose - depressed bridge (1)
      • Nystagmus (1)
      • Obesity (12)
      • Oedema (3)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Osteomalacia (1)
      • Osteopenia (4)
      • Osteoporosis (6)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Palpitations (6)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (1)
      • Pancreatitis (3)
      • Paraesthesia (3)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (1)
      • Periodontitis (1)
      • Periosteal bone reactions (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (1)
      • Phosphaturia (1)
      • Pleurisy (1)
      • Polydipsia (13)
      • Polyuria (11)
      • Postural instability (1)
      • Premature birth (1)
      • Prenatal growth retardation (1)
      • Prognathism (2)
      • Proteinuria (4)
      • Pruritus (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (4)
      • Psychosis (1)
      • Ptosis (1)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (3)
      • Pyrexia (5)
      • Renal cyst (2)
      • Renal failure (2)
      • Renal tubular acidosis (1)
      • Respiratory failure (3)
      • Retinopathy (2)
      • Salt wasting (2)
      • Scoliosis (1)
      • Seizures (6)
      • Shivering (1)
      • Short stature (14)
      • Skeletal deformity (6)
      • Skin - texture change (1)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (1)
      • Skin thickening (2)
      • Skin thinning (2)
      • Slow growth (6)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Somnolence (1)
      • Spasms (1)
      • Spastic paraplegia (1)
      • Spasticity (1)
      • Speech delay (3)
      • Splenomegaly (1)
      • Striae (1)
      • Subfertility (1)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (1)
      • Sweating (4)
      • Tachycardia (7)
      • Telangiectasias (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (1)
      • Tetany (3)
      • Thrombocytopenia (2)
      • Thyroid nodule (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (1)
      • Tinnitus (3)
      • Toe clubbing (1)
      • Tracheo-oesophageal compression (1)
      • Umbilical hernia (1)
      • Urinary frequency (1)
      • Uterus duplex (1)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (6)
      • Visual disturbance (5)
      • Visual field defect (2)
      • Visual impairment (1)
      • Vomiting (8)
      • Weight gain (10)
      • Weight loss (10)
      • Wheezing (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (126)
      • 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid (1)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (4)
      • Acid-base balance (1)
      • ACTH (20)
      • ACTH stimulation (9)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (1)
      • Adrenal function (2)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (2)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • AFP tumour marker (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (1)
      • Albumin (3)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (4)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (2)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (1)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (4)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (3)
      • AMH (1)
      • Ammonia (1)
      • Amniocentesis (1)
      • Amylase (1)
      • Androstenedione (5)
      • Angiography (2)
      • Anion gap (1)
      • Anti-GH antibodies (1)
      • Antinuclear antibody (1)
      • Anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (1)
      • Basal insulin (1)
      • Base excess (1)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (5)
      • Bicarbonate (5)
      • Bilirubin (2)
      • Biopsy (4)
      • Blood film (1)
      • Blood pressure (9)
      • BMI (8)
      • Body fat mass (1)
      • Bone age (7)
      • Bone mineral density (7)
      • Bone scintigraphy (2)
      • CA125 (1)
      • Calcitonin (3)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Calcium (serum) (17)
      • Calcium (urine) (12)
      • Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (6)
      • Carcinoembryonic antigen (2)
      • Catecholamines (24-hour urine) (2)
      • Catecholamines (plasma) (2)
      • CD-56 (2)
      • Chloride (4)
      • Chromatography (1)
      • Chromogranin A (7)
      • Chromosomal analysis (14)
      • Clonidine suppression (1)
      • Collagen (1)
      • Colonoscopy (1)
      • Continuous glucose monitoring (1)
      • Corticosterone (2)
      • Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test (1)
      • Cortisol (9)
      • Cortisol (9am) (1)
      • Cortisol (plasma) (2)
      • Cortisol (midnight) (1)
      • Cortisol (salivary) (1)
      • Cortisol (serum) (11)
      • Cortisol, free (24-hour urine) (3)
      • C-peptide (24-hour urine) (2)
      • C-peptide (blood) (12)
      • C-reactive protein (4)
      • Creatinine (3)
      • Creatine kinase (2)
      • Creatinine (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Creatinine (serum) (2)
      • Creatinine clearance (1)
      • CTPA scan (2)
      • CT scan (39)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (4)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • DEXA scan (4)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (5)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (high dose) (1)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (low dose) (3)
      • DHEA Sulphate (5)
      • DNA sequencing (24)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • Echocardiogram (7)
      • Electrocardiogram (8)
      • Electromyography (2)
      • Endoscopic ultrasound (3)
      • Endoscopy (3)
      • Endosonography (1)
      • Epinephrine (plasma) (1)
      • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (2)
      • FBC (2)
      • FGF23 (1)
      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (9)
      • Folate (1)
      • FSH (24)
      • FT3 (6)
      • FT4 (14)
      • GADA (3)
      • Gallium scan (1)
      • Gastrin (3)
      • Genetic analysis (34)
      • GH (11)
      • GH day curve (1)
      • GH stimulation (3)
      • Glucagon (1)
      • Glucose (blood) (10)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (9)
      • Glucose (urine) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (4)
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