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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (213)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (212)
      • Adrenal (82)
      • Bone (10)
      • Duodenum (2)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (8)
      • Kidney (5)
      • Liver (3)
      • Ovaries (4)
      • Pancreas (25)
      • Parathyroid (8)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (77)
      • Skin (3)
      • Stomach (1)
      • Testes (4)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (34)
    • Open Section Topic (208)
      • Adrenal (76)
      • Andrology (1)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (6)
      • Diabetes (20)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (8)
      • Genetics and mutation (3)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (2)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (4)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (1)
      • Pituitary (61)
      • Thyroid (29)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (4)
    • Open Section Hormone (187)
      • 17OHP (8)
      • ACTH (69)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Aldosterone (16)
      • Androgens (7)
      • Androstenedione (9)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (6)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (1)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (2)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (98)
      • Cortisone (2)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (4)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (3)
      • Deoxycortisol (3)
      • DHEA (7)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FSH (26)
      • Gastrin (1)
      • GH (23)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP1 (1)
      • GLP2 (1)
      • Glucagon (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (16)
      • GNRH (1)
      • Gonadotropins (4)
      • HCG (1)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (25)
      • IGF2 (6)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (35)
      • LH (30)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (6)
      • Mineralocorticoids (4)
      • Noradrenaline (4)
      • Normetanephrine (5)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (7)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Pregnenolone (4)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (33)
      • PTH (9)
      • Renin (14)
      • Testosterone (32)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (50)
      • TRH (1)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (22)
      • TSH (56)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (205)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • Abscess (3)
      • Acromegaly (10)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (10)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (33)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (7)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (6)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (2)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (2)
      • Asthma (2)
      • Autoimmune disorders (14)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (2)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (7)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (4)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (13)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Conn's syndrome (1)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (8)
      • Cushing's syndrome (33)
      • Developmental abnormalities (2)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (2)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (15)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (12)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (11)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (6)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (1)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (6)
      • Empty sella syndrome (2)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Glucagonoma (1)
      • Goitre (2)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (4)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (2)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Graves' disease (8)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (4)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (3)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (4)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (4)
      • Hyperandrogenism (4)
      • Hypercalcaemia (8)
      • Hyperglycaemia (13)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (7)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (2)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (3)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypertension (12)
      • Hyperthyroidism (13)
      • Hypocalcaemia (3)
      • Hypoglycaemia (14)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (8)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (10)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (11)
      • Hyponatraemia (17)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypophysitis (12)
      • Hypopituitarism (25)
      • Hypothyroidism (22)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (11)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (5)
      • Incidentaloma (2)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (4)
      • Insulin resistance (2)
      • Insulinoma (1)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (1)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lung metastases (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (4)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (4)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • MEN1 (1)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (5)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Metastatic tumour (1)
      • Microadenoma (4)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (3)
      • Myositis (2)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (13)
      • Neurofibromatosis (1)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (4)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (2)
      • Panhypopituitarism (11)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (3)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (4)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (2)
      • Parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (9)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (2)
      • Pituitary abscess (3)
      • Pituitary adenoma (24)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (7)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (4)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (4)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (4)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Pre-eclampsia (1)
      • Pregnancy (2)
      • Prolactinoma (1)
      • Prostate cancer (4)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (2)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Quadrantanopia (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (3)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (7)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • Short stature (2)
      • SIADH (3)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (1)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (2)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (2)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (4)
      • Thyroid storm (7)
      • Thyroiditis (10)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (9)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (2)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (213)
    • Open Section Age (212)
      • Adolescent/young adult (27)
      • Adult (153)
      • Geriatric (13)
      • Neonatal (6)
      • Paediatric (17)
      • Pregnant adult (5)
    • Open Section Gender (212)
      • Female (120)
      • Male (103)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (213)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (3)
      • Asian - Chinese (12)
      • Asian - Indian (7)
      • Asian - Japanese (17)
      • Asian - Korean (1)
      • Asian - Pakistani (2)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (9)
      • Black - African (7)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (5)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (1)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (137)
      • Other (4)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (205)
      • Argentina (3)
      • Australia (23)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (3)
      • Brazil (1)
      • Canada (6)
      • China (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • France (2)
      • Germany (6)
      • Greece (5)
      • India (4)
      • Ireland (5)
      • Israel (2)
      • Italy (8)
      • Japan (15)
      • Lebanon (1)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Netherlands (4)
      • New Zealand (3)
      • Norway (1)
      • Peru (2)
      • Poland (2)
      • Portugal (12)
      • Russian Federation (1)
      • Singapore (5)
      • Spain (3)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (4)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (3)
      • Thailand (1)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (2)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (39)
      • United States (27)
      • Uruguay (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (208)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (204)
      • Abdominal adiposity (2)
      • Abdominal distension (3)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (16)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (4)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (2)
      • Acrochorda (1)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Agitation (4)
      • Albuminuria (1)
      • Alopecia (4)
      • Altered level of consciousness (6)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (4)
      • Amenorrhoea (17)
      • Amnesia (3)
      • Anaemia (8)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (11)
      • Anxiety (4)
      • Aphasia (2)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite increase (2)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (7)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arteriosclerosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (8)
      • Asthenia (8)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (11)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (6)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (1)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (1)
      • Bloating (4)
      • Bone fracture(s) (5)
      • Bone lesions (1)
      • Bone pain (4)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (1)
      • Bradycardia (4)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (6)
      • Buffalo hump (5)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiac tamponade (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (1)
      • Cardiomegaly (2)
      • Cardiomyopathy (4)
      • Central obesity (4)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (2)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (2)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Cognitive problems (2)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Coma (4)
      • Concentration difficulties (3)
      • Confusion (7)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (8)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (6)
      • Crackles (3)
      • Cramps (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (3)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (1)
      • Dehydration (9)
      • Delayed puberty (2)
      • Delirium (2)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (12)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (11)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (6)
      • Diarrhoea (13)
      • Diplopia (11)
      • Dizziness (9)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (3)
      • Dyspepsia (1)
      • Dysphagia (5)
      • Dysphonia (2)
      • Dyspnoea (21)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (7)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (3)
      • Erythema (2)
      • Eyelid swelling (3)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - irritation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (6)
      • Facial fullness (5)
      • Facial palsy (1)
      • Facial plethora (9)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (4)
      • Facies - moon (9)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (63)
      • Feet - increased size (5)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flushing (2)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucosuria (2)
      • Goitre (15)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (3)
      • Growth retardation (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (10)
      • Haematoma (6)
      • Haematuria (2)
      • Haemoptysis (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (4)
      • Hands - large (2)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (45)
      • Hearing loss (1)
      • Heart failure (13)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (3)
      • Hemianopia (7)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (2)
      • Hepatomegaly (5)
      • Hirsutism (11)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (2)
      • Hypercalcaemia (7)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (21)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (1)
      • Hyperglycaemia (21)
      • Hyperhidrosis (6)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (7)
      • Hyperkalaemia (10)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperpigmentation (18)
      • Hyperplasia (1)
      • Hyperpnoea (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
      • Hypertension (38)
      • Hyperthyroidism (9)
      • Hypertrichosis (2)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (8)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (3)
      • Hypocalciuria (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (20)
      • Hypogonadism (27)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (24)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (30)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (20)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (33)
      • Hypothyroidism (26)
      • Hypotonia (2)
      • Hypoxia (6)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Insomnia (1)
      • Insulin resistance (2)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Ketonuria (3)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (2)
      • Leg pain (5)
      • Leukocytosis (6)
      • Libido reduction/loss (8)
      • Lips - dry (1)
      • Liver masses (2)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (6)
      • Macroglossia (2)
      • Malaise (5)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (7)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (7)
      • Micropenis (2)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (9)
      • Myalgia (4)
      • Myasthaenia (28)
      • Myeloma (2)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
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      • Myopia (1)
      • Myxoedema (2)
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      • Nausea (32)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (5)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (2)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (2)
      • Neurofibromas (1)
      • Nocturia (4)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (7)
      • Obesity (13)
      • Oedema (16)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Oliguria (2)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteopenia (2)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Osteosclerosis (3)
      • Pallor (2)
      • Palpitations (10)
      • Pancytopaenia (1)
      • Papilloedema (3)
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      • Pelvic mass (1)
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      • Peripheral oedema (7)
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      • Polydipsia (23)
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      • Prognathism (2)
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      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (3)
      • Ptosis (6)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (1)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (3)
      • Pulmonary embolism (1)
      • Pyrexia (25)
      • Pyuria (1)
      • Rash (4)
      • Rectorrhagia (1)
      • Renal failure (7)
      • Renal insufficiency (6)
      • Respiratory failure (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Salivary gland swelling (1)
      • Salt craving (1)
      • Salt wasting (4)
      • Sarcoidosis (3)
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      • Seizures (7)
      • Sepsis (3)
      • Septic shock (1)
      • Short stature (5)
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      • Sixth nerve palsy (4)
      • Skeletal deformity (1)
      • Skin - texture change (2)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (2)
      • Skin thinning (4)
      • Sleep difficulties (1)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (2)
      • Slow growth (1)
      • Slurred speech (1)
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      • Sore throat (2)
      • Spastic paraplegia (1)
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      • Splenomegaly (3)
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      • Striae (11)
      • Stroke (1)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (6)
      • Sweating (5)
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      • Tachycardia (19)
      • Tachypnoea (2)
      • Teeth gapping (3)
      • Telangiectasias (1)
      • Tetraparesis (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (1)
      • Tetany (1)
      • Thermodysregulation (1)
      • Thrombocytopenia (7)
      • Thrombocytosis (1)
      • Thrombophilia (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (9)
      • Tremulousness (11)
      • Tricuspid insufficiency (1)
      • Urinary frequency (2)
      • Urinary incontinence (1)
      • Vaginal dryness (1)
      • Vaginal pain/tenderness (1)
      • Ventricular fibrillation (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (3)
      • Vertigo (2)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (4)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (3)
      • Vision - blurred (9)
      • Visual disturbance (6)
      • Visual field defect (7)
      • Visual impairment (10)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vomiting (32)
      • Weight gain (23)
      • Weight loss (33)
      • Xeroderma (2)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (208)
      • 17OHP (9)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (6)
      • 5HIAA (1)
      • Aberrant adrenal receptors (1)
      • Acid-base balance (1)
      • ACTH (80)
      • ACTH stimulation (42)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (2)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (8)
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