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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (221)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (219)
      • Adipose tissue (8)
      • Adrenal (41)
      • Bone (7)
      • Duodenum (4)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (7)
      • Kidney (15)
      • Liver (11)
      • Ovaries (4)
      • Pancreas (94)
      • Parathyroid (7)
      • Pituitary (46)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Skin (4)
      • Stomach (3)
      • Testes (6)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (16)
    • Open Section Topic (216)
      • Adrenal (39)
      • Andrology (4)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (6)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (2)
      • Diabetes (88)
      • Emergency (3)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (14)
      • Genetics and mutation (6)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (2)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (5)
      • Obesity (6)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (5)
      • Pituitary (36)
      • Thyroid (10)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (6)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (191)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (32)
      • Aldosterone (8)
      • Androgens (4)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (5)
      • AVP (4)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Calcitonin (2)
      • Cortisol (43)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (4)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • FSH (16)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (22)
      • GHRH (2)
      • GLP1 (3)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (7)
      • Glucocorticoids (9)
      • GNRH (1)
      • Gonadotropins (1)
      • HCG (2)
      • IGF1 (21)
      • IGF2 (6)
      • Insulin (112)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (18)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (4)
      • Mineralocorticoids (3)
      • Noradrenaline (1)
      • Normetanephrine (4)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (3)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Peptide YY (1)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Progesterone (2)
      • Prolactin (14)
      • PTH (6)
      • Renin (7)
      • Somatostatin (3)
      • Testosterone (20)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (22)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (9)
      • TSH (28)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (204)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (2)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (10)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (2)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (12)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (2)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (6)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaemia (4)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Asthma (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (16)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (6)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (5)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (5)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Craniopharyngioma (2)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cushing's disease (5)
      • Cushing's syndrome (18)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (5)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (8)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (38)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (35)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (3)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (25)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (5)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Down syndrome (2)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (4)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Fat necrosis (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Gastrinoma (1)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (6)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Glucagonoma (2)
      • Glycogen storage disease (1)
      • Goitre (1)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (1)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Graves' disease (2)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (1)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (3)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (4)
      • Hyperandrogenism (3)
      • Hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (33)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (11)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hyperkalaemia (5)
      • Hypernatraemia (6)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (5)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (12)
      • Hyperthyroidism (7)
      • Hypocalcaemia (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (37)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (6)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (4)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (13)
      • Hyponatraemia (11)
      • Hypophysitis (8)
      • Hypopituitarism (8)
      • Hypothyroidism (12)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (10)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (3)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (6)
      • Insulin resistance (10)
      • Insulinoma (7)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (2)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Kallmann syndrome (1)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (2)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (3)
      • Lymphadenopathy (2)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • MEN1 (3)
      • Metabolic acidosis (7)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (4)
      • Metastatic melanoma (4)
      • Metastatic tumour (3)
      • Microadenoma (5)
      • Microprolactinoma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (3)
      • Myositis (1)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (3)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (18)
      • Neurofibromatosis (1)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (4)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (5)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (1)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1)
      • Paget’s disease (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (3)
      • Pancreatitis (4)
      • Panhypopituitarism (4)
      • Paraganglioma (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (3)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (1)
      • PCOS (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (6)
      • Pituitary abscess (1)
      • Pituitary adenoma (17)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (1)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (2)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (1)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Pre-eclampsia (2)
      • Pregnancy (5)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (1)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Pulmonary oedema (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (3)
      • Short stature (2)
      • SIADH (2)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (1)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (1)
      • Thyroid storm (1)
      • Thyroiditis (9)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (4)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Tuberculosis (2)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (221)
    • Open Section Age (220)
      • Adolescent/young adult (27)
      • Adult (154)
      • Geriatric (14)
      • Neonatal (8)
      • Paediatric (14)
      • Pregnant adult (8)
    • Open Section Gender (219)
      • Female (127)
      • Male (103)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (221)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (8)
      • Asian - Filipino (2)
      • Asian - Indian (6)
      • Asian - Japanese (25)
      • Asian - Korean (1)
      • Asian - Pakistani (3)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (12)
      • Black - African (12)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (5)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (5)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (3)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (134)
      • Other (4)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (214)
      • Australia (21)
      • Austria (1)
      • Brazil (3)
      • Canada (3)
      • Croatia (2)
      • Denmark (4)
      • France (3)
      • Germany (6)
      • Greece (5)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • India (3)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (1)
      • Ireland (9)
      • Israel (3)
      • Italy (12)
      • Japan (24)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Malaysia (2)
      • Mexico (3)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (2)
      • New Zealand (3)
      • Nigeria (1)
      • Peru (2)
      • Poland (2)
      • Portugal (8)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Russian Federation (1)
      • Saudi Arabia (1)
      • Singapore (3)
      • Spain (6)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (4)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (2)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (1)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (43)
      • United States (24)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (206)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (200)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (1)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (23)
      • Abdominal tenderness (5)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acalculia (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (7)
      • Acne (5)
      • Acrochorda (4)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (3)
      • Albuminuria (2)
      • Alopecia (3)
      • Altered level of consciousness (7)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (10)
      • Amnesia (5)
      • Anaemia (9)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anorexia (8)
      • Anosmia (1)
      • Anuria (1)
      • Anxiety (6)
      • Aphasia (2)
      • Appetite increase (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (12)
      • Arteriosclerosis (2)
      • Arthralgia (5)
      • Ascites (2)
      • Asthenia (6)
      • Ataxia (1)
      • Atrial fibrillation (2)
      • Autism (1)
      • Back pain (4)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (2)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (2)
      • Bone lesions (1)
      • Bone pain (1)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Brachydactyly (2)
      • Bradycardia (2)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (1)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (3)
      • Cardiogenic shock (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (3)
      • Cardiomyopathy (3)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (1)
      • Central obesity (4)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (6)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (2)
      • Chills (1)
      • Chondrocalcinosis (1)
      • Chronic pain (1)
      • Cirrhosis (3)
      • Clitoromegaly (1)
      • Clumsiness (2)
      • Coagulopathy (1)
      • Coeliac disease (1)
      • Cognitive problems (3)
      • Cold intolerance (1)
      • Collapse (3)
      • Coma (5)
      • Concentration difficulties (4)
      • Confusion (13)
      • Constipation (5)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (5)
      • Crackles (2)
      • Cramps (1)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (2)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (3)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Dehydration (11)
      • Delayed puberty (2)
      • Delirium (1)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (6)
      • Diabetes insipidus (7)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (29)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (28)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (3)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (4)
      • Diabetic foot neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (5)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (23)
      • Diarrhoea (7)
      • Diplopia (2)
      • Dizziness (11)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (5)
      • Dysphagia (2)
      • Dyspnoea (10)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (3)
      • Erythema (2)
      • Face - change in appearance (2)
      • Face - coarse features (4)
      • Facial fullness (3)
      • Facial palsy (2)
      • Facial plethora (3)
      • Facies - abnormal (5)
      • Facies - moon (6)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (48)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (5)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (2)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (3)
      • Glucose intolerance (3)
      • Glucosuria (10)
      • Goitre (7)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (1)
      • Growth retardation (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (5)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (4)
      • Haemoptysis (2)
      • Hallucination (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (4)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (32)
      • Heart failure (3)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (2)
      • Hemianopia (3)
      • Hemiparesis (3)
      • Hepatic metastases (2)
      • Hepatomegaly (6)
      • Hirsutism (11)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (4)
      • Hypercalcaemia (5)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (2)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (11)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (3)
      • Hyperglycaemia (42)
      • Hyperhidrosis (9)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (18)
      • Hyperkalaemia (6)
      • Hypernatraemia (8)
      • Hyperpigmentation (11)
      • Hyperplasia (2)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hypersomnia (1)
      • Hypertension (34)
      • Hyperthyroidism (7)
      • Hypertrichosis (2)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
      • Hyperventilation (5)
      • Hypoadrenalism (2)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (3)
      • Hypoglycaemia (42)
      • Hypogonadism (16)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (3)
      • Hypokalaemia (22)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (17)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (5)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypospadias (1)
      • Hypotension (14)
      • Hypothermia (1)
      • Hypothyroidism (14)
      • Hypotonia (2)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (4)
      • Hypovolaemia (2)
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      • Leukocytosis (6)
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      • Liver masses (3)
      • Lymphadenitis (6)
      • Macroglossia (3)
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      • Mania (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (13)
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      • Microalbuminuria (2)
      • Micropenis (3)
      • Mood changes/swings (1)
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      • Myalgia (6)
      • Myasthaenia (27)
      • Myocardial infarction (3)
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      • Nasal obstruction (1)
      • Nausea (27)
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      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (2)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (1)
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      • Nocturia (7)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (3)
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      • Peripheral oedema (6)
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      • Pneumonia (3)
      • Polydipsia (39)
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      • Retinopathy (5)
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      • Salt wasting (1)
      • Sarcoidosis (1)
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      • Seizures (11)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Septic shock (1)
      • Short stature (8)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin - texture change (1)
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      • Sleep difficulties (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Slow growth (2)
      • Slurred speech (3)
      • Soft tissue swelling (1)
      • Somnolence (9)
      • Speech delay (2)
      • Splenomegaly (4)
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      • Striae (6)
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      • Supraclavicular fat pads (4)
      • Sweating (7)
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      • Tachycardia (21)
      • Tachypnoea (5)
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      • Ventricular fibrillation (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (3)
      • Vertigo (2)
      • Vision - blurred (10)
      • Visual field defect (3)
      • Visual impairment (2)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vomiting (32)
      • Weight gain (19)
      • Weight loss (31)
      • Xeroderma (2)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (205)
      • 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid (1)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (6)
      • 5HIAA (1)
      • Aberrant adrenal receptors (1)
      • Acid-base balance (4)
      • ACTH (39)
      • ACTH stimulation (15)
      • Acyl-ghrelin (1)
      • Adiponectin (2)
      • Adrenal antibodies (2)
      • Adrenal function (1)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (1)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (3)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • AFP tumour marker (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (7)
      • Albumin (13)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (3)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (6)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (2)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (3)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (8)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (2)
      • AMH (1)
      • Ammonia (2)
      • Amylase (2)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Angiography (9)
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