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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (111)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (109)
      • Adipose tissue (2)
      • Adrenal (13)
      • Bone (10)
      • Duodenum (2)
      • Hypothalamus (2)
      • Kidney (6)
      • Liver (4)
      • Ovaries (3)
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      • Pituitary (22)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Skin (5)
      • Stomach (1)
      • Testes (3)
      • Thyroid (15)
    • Open Section Topic (109)
      • Adrenal (12)
      • Andrology (1)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (6)
      • Diabetes (55)
      • Emergency (2)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (2)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (5)
      • Obesity (3)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (1)
      • Pituitary (18)
      • Puberty (1)
      • Thyroid (8)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (2)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (100)
      • ACTH (15)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Aldosterone (3)
      • AVP (1)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Cortisol (21)
      • Cortisone (1)
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      • DHEA (1)
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      • FGF23 (1)
      • FSH (13)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (11)
      • Glucagon (2)
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      • Gonadotropins (1)
      • IGF1 (13)
      • Insulin (66)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (13)
      • Metanephrines (2)
      • Noradrenaline (3)
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      • Oestradiol (E2) (4)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Prolactin (12)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (2)
      • Renin (1)
      • Somatostatin (2)
      • Testosterone (11)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (20)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (7)
      • TSH (22)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (104)
      • Abscess (2)
      • Acromegaly (5)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (2)
      • Anaemia (4)
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      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
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      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (2)
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      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (4)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (29)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (27)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (4)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (15)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (2)
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      • Fetal demise (1)
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      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (5)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (2)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hypertension (2)
      • Hyperthyroidism (6)
      • Hypoglycaemia (13)
      • Hypogonadism (5)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (2)
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      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypophysitis (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (8)
      • Hypothyroidism (6)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (6)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Infertility (2)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (2)
      • Insulin resistance (7)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (1)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (1)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (1)
      • MEN1 (2)
      • Metabolic acidosis (5)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (2)
      • Metastatic melanoma (2)
      • Metastatic tumour (1)
      • Microadenoma (2)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (2)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (6)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (2)
      • Ovarian cancer (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (3)
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      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Thyroid storm (1)
      • Thyroiditis (6)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (3)
      • Tuberculosis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (111)
    • Open Section Age (110)
      • Adolescent/young adult (16)
      • Adult (85)
      • Geriatric (6)
      • Paediatric (1)
      • Pregnant adult (3)
    • Open Section Gender (110)
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    • Open Section Ethnicity (111)
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      • Asian - Pakistani (1)
      • Asian - other (4)
      • Black - African (3)
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      • Black - other (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • White (75)
      • Other (2)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (108)
      • Albania (1)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (13)
      • Brazil (2)
      • Canada (1)
      • Denmark (2)
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      • Japan (10)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (3)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Singapore (4)
      • Spain (5)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (2)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (1)
      • Turkey (1)
      • United Kingdom (24)
      • United States (9)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (104)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (102)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (2)
      • Abdominal guarding (1)
      • Abdominal pain (14)
      • Abdominal tenderness (2)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (4)
      • Acrochorda (2)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Aggression (1)
      • Agitation (3)
      • Alopecia (2)
      • Altered level of consciousness (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (6)
      • Amnesia (2)
      • Anaemia (9)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (5)
      • Anxiety (2)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (4)
      • Arthralgia (5)
      • Ataxia (1)
      • Atrial fibrillation (2)
      • Back pain (5)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (1)
      • Bone fracture(s) (2)
      • Bone pain (2)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiomegaly (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (1)
      • Central obesity (3)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (3)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (1)
      • Chronic pain (1)
      • Cirrhosis (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (1)
      • Coeliac disease (1)
      • Cognitive problems (3)
      • Cold intolerance (1)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Constipation (3)
      • Coughing (3)
      • Crackles (3)
      • Cramps (2)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (1)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Dehydration (9)
      • Depression (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus (4)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (24)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (24)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (4)
      • Diabetic foot neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (4)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (15)
      • Diarrhoea (2)
      • Diplopia (4)
      • Dizziness (7)
      • Dyslipidaemia (3)
      • Dyspnoea (5)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (3)
      • Erythema (3)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial plethora (3)
      • Facies - abnormal (3)
      • Facies - moon (3)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Fatigue (28)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (4)
      • Feet - pain (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Fungating lesion (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucosuria (9)
      • Goitre (2)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (1)
      • Growth retardation (1)
      • Gynaecomastia (2)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (3)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Headache (17)
      • Heart failure (2)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Hemianopia (2)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (1)
      • Hirsutism (2)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (2)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (6)
      • Hyperglycaemia (32)
      • Hyperhidrosis (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hypernatraemia (7)
      • Hyperpigmentation (3)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hypertension (17)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (5)
      • Hypertrichosis (1)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
      • Hyperventilation (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (2)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (13)
      • Hypogonadism (12)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (8)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (1)
      • Hyponatraemia (6)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (6)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypotension (9)
      • Hypothyroidism (10)
      • Hypotonia (1)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (2)
      • Hypovolaemia (2)
      • Hypoxia (2)
      • Infections (1)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Inflexibility (1)
      • Insomnia (1)
      • Insulin resistance (6)
      • Irritability (1)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Ketonuria (6)
      • Kidney dysplasia (1)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Leg pain (6)
      • Leukocytosis (4)
      • Libido reduction/loss (4)
      • Liver masses (2)
      • Lymphadenitis (4)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (5)
      • Metabolic acidosis (8)
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      • Microalbuminuria (2)
      • Muscle atrophy (3)
      • Myalgia (4)
      • Myasthaenia (10)
      • Myopathy (2)
      • Myxoedema (1)
      • Nausea (17)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Nephropathy (2)
      • Nocturia (5)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (2)
      • Nystagmus (1)
      • Obesity (9)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (1)
      • Oedema (5)
      • Oliguria (1)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Orbital hypertelorism (1)
      • Osteoarthritis (1)
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      • Osteoporosis (3)
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      • Palpitations (3)
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      • Peripheral oedema (4)
      • Pleurisy (1)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Polydipsia (34)
      • Polyphagia (1)
      • Polyuria (31)
      • Prognathism (2)
      • Proteinuria (4)
      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (1)
      • Ptosis (4)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (1)
      • Pyrexia (10)
      • Pyrosis (1)
      • Rash (2)
      • Renal cyst (1)
      • Renal failure (1)
      • Renal insufficiency (4)
      • Renal phosphate wasting (isolated) (1)
      • Respiratory failure (1)
      • Retinopathy (3)
      • Scoliosis (2)
      • Seizures (3)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Short stature (3)
      • Sinusitis (1)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (3)
      • Skin necrosis (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (2)
      • Slow growth (1)
      • Slurred speech (1)
      • Somnolence (5)
      • Speech delay (1)
      • Striae (2)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (1)
      • Sweating (4)
      • Syncope (3)
      • Tachycardia (12)
      • Tachypnoea (5)
      • Teeth gapping (1)
      • T-reflex (absent) (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (2)
      • Thermodysregulation (2)
      • Thrombocytopenia (6)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (3)
      • Tremulousness (1)
      • Urinary frequency (1)
      • Urinary incontinence (1)
      • Urticaria (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (2)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (1)
      • Vision - blurred (6)
      • Visual disturbance (3)
      • Visual field defect (1)
      • Vomiting (21)
      • Weight gain (10)
      • Weight loss (24)
      • Xeroderma (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (104)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (1)
      • Acid-base balance (2)
      • ACTH (17)
      • ACTH stimulation (4)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (1)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (1)
      • Adrenal function (2)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (2)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (2)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (5)
      • Albumin (6)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (4)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (2)
      • Aldosterone (plasma) (2)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (4)
      • Amylase (2)
      • Androstenedione (1)
      • Angiography (6)
      • Anion gap (8)
      • Anti-insulin antibodies (3)
      • Anti-islet cell antibody (3)
      • Anti-GH antibodies (1)
      • Antinuclear antibody (6)
      • Anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (1)
      • Basal insulin (1)
      • Base excess (1)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (10)
      • Bicarbonate (17)
      • Bilirubin (2)
      • Biopsy (8)
      • Blood film (5)
      • Blood pressure (10)
      • BMI (15)
      • Body fat mass (1)
      • Bone biopsy (3)
      • Bone mineral density (4)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (3)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcium (serum) (7)
      • Carcinoembryonic antigen (1)
      • Catecholamines (plasma) (1)
      • Chest auscultation (1)
      • Chloride (7)
      • Chromatography (1)
      • Chromogranin A (6)
      • Chromosomal analysis (1)
      • Clomid challenge (1)
      • Colonoscopy (1)
      • Continuous glucose monitoring (2)
      • Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test (2)
      • Cortisol (12)
      • Cortisol (9am) (8)
      • Cortisol (plasma) (2)
      • Cortisol (midnight) (1)
      • Cortisol (salivary) (1)
      • Cortisol (serum) (7)
      • Cortisol day curve (1)
      • Cortisol, free (24-hour urine) (6)
      • C-peptide (24-hour urine) (5)
      • C-peptide (blood) (27)
      • C-reactive protein (17)
      • Creatinine (8)
      • Creatine kinase (4)
      • Creatinine (serum) (16)
      • CTPA scan (1)
      • CT scan (36)
      • DEXA scan (4)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (6)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (high dose) (4)
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      • DHEA Sulphate (1)
      • DNA sequencing (3)
      • Echocardiogram (6)
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      • Electrolytes (2)
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      • Endoscopic ultrasound (1)
      • Endoscopy (1)
      • Enzyme immunoassay (1)
      • Epinephrine (plasma) (2)
      • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (2)
      • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (7)
      • FBC (1)
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      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (4)
      • Flow cytometry (1)
      • Folate (1)
      • FSH (13)
      • FT3 (7)
      • FT4 (19)
      • GADA (16)
      • Gastric biopsy (1)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • Genetic analysis (2)
      • GH (9)
      • GH day curve (2)
      • Glucagon (1)
      • Glucose (blood) (40)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (24)
      • Glucose (blood, postprandial) (2)
      • Glucose (urine) (3)
      • Glucose tolerance (2)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (4)
      • Gonadotrophins (1)
      • Haematoxylin and eosin staining (6)
      • Haemoglobin (19)
      • Haemoglobin A1c (78)
      • HDL cholesterol (3)
      • Heart rate (3)
      • Histopathology (23)
      • HLA genotyping (4)
      • Holter monitoring (1)
      • HOMA (3)
      • IGF1 (14)
      • IGFBP3 (1)
      • Immunohistochemistry (7)
      • Immunoglobulins (1)
      • Immunoglobulin G4 (2)
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      • Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (1)
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      • Lactate (8)
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      • LH (15)
      • Lipase (serum) (2)
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      • MIBG scan (1)
      • Molecular genetic analysis (9)
      • MRI (40)
      • Nerve conduction study (2)
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      • Osmolality (2)
      • PET scan (9)
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      • Pituitary function (2)
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      • Testosterone (12)
      • Thyroid antibodies (7)
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      • Total cholesterol (3)
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      • Urinalysis (13)
      • Urinary free cortisol (1)
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      • Urine osmolality (5)
      • Vanillylmandelic acid (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Visual field assessment (2)
      • Vitamin B12 (2)
      • Vitamin D (5)
      • Waist circumference (3)
      • Weight (10)
      • White blood cell count (17)
      • White blood cell differential count (4)
      • X-ray (12)
    • Open Section Intervention (74)
      • Abscess drainage (1)
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      • Amputation (3)
      • Analgesics (2)
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      • Assisted reproduction techniques (1)
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      • Diet (17)
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