and two beta chains. Circulating blood glucose binds to the N-terminal valine of the β-chain of haemoglobin A to form HbA1c ( 1 ) ( Fig. 1 ). In individuals with poorly controlled diabetes, and with higher than normal levels of circulating glucose, the
Khaled Aljenaee, Osamah Hakami, Colin Davenport, Gemma Farrell, Tommy Kyaw Tun, Agnieszka Pazderska, Niamh Phelan, Marie-Louise Healy, Seamus Sreenan and John H McDermott
Mirjam Eiswirth, Ewan Clark and Michael Diamond
) levels. It is associated with a significant pathological burden, and has been well established that poor glycaemic control correlates with increasing morbidity and mortality ( 1 ). Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a marker of glycaemic control