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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (141)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (141)
      • Adrenal (65)
      • Bone (3)
      • Duodenum (1)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (7)
      • Kidney (4)
      • Liver (3)
      • Ovaries (5)
      • Pancreas (8)
      • Parathyroid (5)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (63)
      • Skin (2)
      • Testes (3)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (22)
    • Open Section Topic (137)
      • Adrenal (57)
      • Andrology (1)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (1)
      • Diabetes (5)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (2)
      • Genetics and mutation (2)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (2)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (4)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (1)
      • Pituitary (52)
      • Thyroid (15)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (124)
      • 17OHP (6)
      • ACTH (59)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • Aldosterone (13)
      • Androgens (6)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (5)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (83)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • Deoxycortisol (3)
      • DHEA (6)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FSH (28)
      • GH (18)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (13)
      • GNRH (2)
      • Gonadotropins (5)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (20)
      • IGF2 (2)
      • Insulin (11)
      • LH (31)
      • Metanephrines (5)
      • Mineralocorticoids (4)
      • Noradrenaline (2)
      • Normetanephrine (3)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (8)
      • Oestrogens (1)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (30)
      • PTH (6)
      • Renin (11)
      • Testosterone (27)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (36)
      • TRH (1)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (13)
      • TSH (40)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (133)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • Abscess (3)
      • Acromegaly (6)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (10)
      • Adenocarcinoma (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (35)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (5)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Anaemia (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (2)
      • Asthma (2)
      • Autoimmune disorders (5)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (2)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (8)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (4)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (5)
      • Cushing's syndrome (22)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (14)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (2)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (6)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (1)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Down syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (3)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (4)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Goitre (1)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (1)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (3)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Graves' disease (6)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (3)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (2)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (5)
      • Hyperglycaemia (5)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Hyperkalaemia (5)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (9)
      • Hypertension (8)
      • Hyperthyroidism (7)
      • Hypocalcaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Hypogonadism (10)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (7)
      • Hypokalaemia (8)
      • Hyponatraemia (12)
      • Hypophysitis (11)
      • Hypopituitarism (25)
      • Hypothyroidism (21)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (7)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (1)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (3)
      • Insulin resistance (1)
      • Insulinoma (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (1)
      • Liver failure (3)
      • Lymphadenopathy (4)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (5)
      • MEN1 (1)
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      • Metabolic acidosis (2)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (2)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Microadenoma (3)
      • Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
      • Myelolipoma (2)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (8)
      • Neurofibromatosis (1)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Osteoporosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (1)
      • Panhypopituitarism (9)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • PCOS (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (7)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (1)
      • Pituitary abscess (2)
      • Pituitary adenoma (24)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (5)
      • Pituitary cyst (2)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (2)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (4)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
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      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Pregnancy (1)
      • Premature ovarian failure (1)
      • Prolactinoma (3)
      • Prostate cancer (4)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Quadrantanopia (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (5)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • SIADH (3)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyroid storm (5)
      • Thyroiditis (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (6)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (2)
      • Turner syndrome (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (141)
    • Open Section Age (140)
      • Adolescent/young adult (22)
      • Adult (96)
      • Geriatric (4)
      • Neonatal (5)
      • Paediatric (18)
      • Pregnant adult (3)
    • Open Section Gender (141)
      • Female (77)
      • Male (69)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (141)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (7)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (3)
      • Asian - Japanese (10)
      • Asian - Pakistani (1)
      • Asian - other (6)
      • Black - African (2)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (1)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (97)
      • Other (4)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (134)
      • Argentina (3)
      • Australia (11)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Belgium (4)
      • Canada (3)
      • Denmark (1)
      • Finland (1)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (5)
      • Greece (5)
      • Ireland (4)
      • Israel (1)
      • Italy (5)
      • Japan (9)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Netherlands (1)
      • New Zealand (4)
      • Norway (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (12)
      • Saudi Arabia (1)
      • Singapore (4)
      • Spain (3)
      • Switzerland (2)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (2)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (31)
      • United States (13)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (133)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (128)
      • Abdominal adiposity (2)
      • Abdominal distension (3)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal pain (9)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Agitation (4)
      • Albuminuria (1)
      • Alopecia (5)
      • Altered level of consciousness (5)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (14)
      • Amnesia (2)
      • Anaemia (6)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (8)
      • Anxiety (2)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite increase (2)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (4)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (5)
      • Asthenia (5)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (10)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (3)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bloating (2)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone lesions (1)
      • Bone pain (1)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (1)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (1)
      • Bradycardia (3)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (5)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiac tamponade (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (1)
      • Cardiomegaly (2)
      • Cardiomyopathy (2)
      • Central obesity (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (1)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (1)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Cognitive problems (2)
      • Cold intolerance (1)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Concentration difficulties (2)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (5)
      • Coughing (6)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (2)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (1)
      • Dehydration (6)
      • Delayed puberty (1)
      • Delirium (2)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus (10)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (2)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (7)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (1)
      • Diarrhoea (7)
      • Diplopia (5)
      • Dizziness (7)
      • Dyslipidaemia (1)
      • Dyspepsia (1)
      • Dysphagia (1)
      • Dyspnoea (9)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (7)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (4)
      • Eyelid swelling (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (2)
      • Face - coarse features (5)
      • Facial fullness (4)
      • Facial plethora (6)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (3)
      • Facies - moon (8)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (44)
      • Feet - increased size (4)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (2)
      • Goitre (9)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (1)
      • Growth retardation (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (7)
      • Haematoma (7)
      • Haematuria (1)
      • Haemoptysis (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (3)
      • Hands - large (1)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (36)
      • Hearing loss (1)
      • Heart failure (8)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (1)
      • Hemianopia (5)
      • Hepatomegaly (2)
      • Hirsutism (8)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (14)
      • Hyperglycaemia (11)
      • Hyperhidrosis (4)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hyperkalaemia (8)
      • Hypernatraemia (5)
      • Hyperpigmentation (16)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (7)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
      • Hypertension (26)
      • Hyperthyroidism (6)
      • Hypertrichosis (2)
      • Hypoadrenalism (7)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (8)
      • Hypogonadism (21)
      • Hypokalaemia (16)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (22)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (21)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (28)
      • Hypothyroidism (24)
      • Hypotonia (2)
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      • Ischaemia (1)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Kidney stones (1)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (2)
      • Leg pain (4)
      • Leukocytosis (5)
      • Libido reduction/loss (7)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (6)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (4)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (4)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (3)
      • Micropenis (2)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (9)
      • Myalgia (3)
      • Myasthaenia (18)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myopathy (2)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Myxoedema (2)
      • Nail dystrophy (1)
      • Nausea (21)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (2)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (1)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (1)
      • Nephropathy (1)
      • Neurofibromas (1)
      • Nocturia (3)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (5)
      • Obesity (11)
      • Oedema (9)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Oliguria (3)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteopenia (2)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Pallor (1)
      • Palpitations (6)
      • Papilloedema (3)
      • Paraesthesia (4)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (2)
      • Peripheral oedema (4)
      • Photophobia (2)
      • Photosensitivity (1)
      • Pneumonia (4)
      • Poikiloderma (1)
      • Polydipsia (16)
      • Polyuria (16)
      • Prognathism (1)
      • Proptosis (4)
      • Proteinuria (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (2)
      • Ptosis (5)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (1)
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      • Pyrexia (21)
      • Pyuria (1)
      • Rash (3)
      • Rectorrhagia (1)
      • Renal failure (6)
      • Renal insufficiency (2)
      • Respiratory failure (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (2)
      • Salt craving (1)
      • Salt wasting (4)
      • Sarcoidosis (2)
      • Scoliosis (1)
      • Seizures (5)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Septic shock (1)
      • Short stature (3)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (2)
      • Skeletal deformity (1)
      • Skin - texture change (2)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (1)
      • Skin thinning (2)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Slurred speech (1)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Soft tissue swelling (1)
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      • Sore throat (1)
      • Spastic paraplegia (1)
      • Spasticity (1)
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      • Sputum production (1)
      • Striae (5)
      • Stroke (1)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (3)
      • Sweating (2)
      • Syncope (1)
      • Tachycardia (13)
      • Tachypnoea (1)
      • Teeth gapping (1)
      • Tetraparesis (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (2)
      • Thermodysregulation (1)
      • Thrombocytopenia (6)
      • Thrombocytosis (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (7)
      • Tinnitus (1)
      • Tremulousness (6)
      • Tricuspid insufficiency (1)
      • Urinary frequency (2)
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      • Vaginal bleeding (1)
      • Ventricular fibrillation (1)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (4)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (3)
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      • Visual disturbance (4)
      • Visual field defect (5)
      • Visual impairment (10)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vomiting (24)
      • Weight gain (18)
      • Weight loss (20)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (132)
      • 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid (1)
      • 17OHP (7)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (4)
      • Acid-base balance (1)
      • ACTH (65)
      • ACTH stimulation (40)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (2)
      • Adrenal antibodies (8)
      • Adrenal function (1)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (2)
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      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (6)
      • Albumin (5)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (7)
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      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (2)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (9)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (1)
      • AMH (1)
      • Ammonia (2)
      • Androstenedione (8)
      • Angiography (2)
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      • BMI (5)
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      • Brain natriuretic peptide (3)
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      • Catecholamines (24-hour urine) (2)
      • CD-56 (2)
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      • Cortisol (43)
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      • Cortisol day curve (3)
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      • DEXA scan (1)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (8)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (high dose) (8)
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      • DHEA Sulphate (7)
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      • DNA sequencing (10)
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      • Endoscopy (1)
      • Endosonography (1)
      • Enzyme immunoassay (1)
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      • Epinephrine (urine) (1)
      • FBC (1)
      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (4)
      • Fludrocortisone suppression (1)
      • Fluticasone-propionate-17-beta carboxylic acid (1)
      • FSH (30)
      • FT3 (16)
      • FT4 (43)
      • GADA (1)
      • Gastric biopsy (1)
      • Gastrin (1)
      • Genetic analysis (10)
      • GH (18)
      • GH suppression (3)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucose (blood) (11)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (6)
      • Glucose (urine) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (3)
      • GNRH stimulation (2)
      • Gonadotrophins (4)
      • Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 test (1)
      • Haematoxylin and eosin staining (9)
      • Haemoglobin (10)
      • Haemoglobin A1c (10)
      • HCG (serum) (1)
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