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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (92)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (91)
      • Adipose tissue (1)
      • Adrenal (20)
      • Bone (10)
      • Duodenum (2)
      • Heart (1)
      • Hypothalamus (2)
      • Kidney (9)
      • Liver (4)
      • Ovaries (3)
      • Pancreas (13)
      • Parathyroid (8)
      • Pituitary (18)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Stomach (2)
      • Testes (4)
      • Thyroid (17)
    • Open Section Topic (88)
      • Adrenal (19)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (9)
      • Diabetes (12)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (6)
      • Genetics and mutation (4)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (1)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (3)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (2)
      • Pituitary (17)
      • Puberty (2)
      • Thyroid (16)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (3)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (74)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (12)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • Aldosterone (4)
      • Androgens (2)
      • Androstenedione (4)
      • AVP (1)
      • Calcitonin (3)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Cortisol (14)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • DHEA (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FSH (10)
      • Gastrin (1)
      • GH (8)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP1 (2)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (3)
      • Glucocorticoids (4)
      • GNRH (2)
      • Gonadotropins (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (7)
      • IGF2 (1)
      • Insulin (18)
      • LH (10)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (4)
      • Mineralocorticoids (1)
      • Noradrenaline (1)
      • Normetanephrine (3)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (3)
      • Oestrogens (1)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Pregnenolone (4)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (5)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (9)
      • Renin (4)
      • Somatostatin (1)
      • Testosterone (9)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (12)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (8)
      • TSH (15)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (86)
      • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency (1)
      • Abscess (1)
      • Acromegaly (3)
      • Addison's disease (1)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (3)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (3)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (1)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Anaemia (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (5)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (2)
      • Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (1)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Brown tumour (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (6)
      • Conn's syndrome (1)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Cushing's disease (1)
      • Cushing's syndrome (8)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (2)
      • Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (2)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (8)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (3)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (2)
      • Eating disorders (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (2)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Glucagonoma (1)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Graves' disease (4)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (2)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (2)
      • Hyperandrogenism (2)
      • Hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (1)
      • Hyperglycaemia (7)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (1)
      • Hyperkalaemia (3)
      • Hypernatraemia (1)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (3)
      • Hypertension (3)
      • Hyperthyroidism (4)
      • Hypocalcaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (5)
      • Hypogonadism (2)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (3)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (3)
      • Hyponatraemia (2)
      • Hypophysitis (4)
      • Hypopituitarism (4)
      • Hypothyroidism (6)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (3)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Incidentaloma (2)
      • Infertility (2)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (1)
      • Insulin resistance (1)
      • Insulinoma (1)
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      • Klinefelter syndrome (1)
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      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (1)
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      • Lymphadenopathy (1)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (1)
      • MEN1 (4)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (3)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (1)
      • Myelolipoma (1)
      • Nephrolithiasis (2)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (6)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
      • Osteomalacia (1)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Paget’s disease (1)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (2)
      • Panhypopituitarism (1)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (5)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (4)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (1)
      • Periodontal disease (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (5)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (1)
      • Pituitary adenoma (8)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (2)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Pregnancy (1)
      • Premature ovarian failure (1)
      • Prostate cancer (2)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (1)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (3)
      • Short stature (2)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (1)
      • Thyroid storm (1)
      • Thyroiditis (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (2)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (1)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (92)
    • Open Section Age (92)
      • Adolescent/young adult (18)
      • Adult (64)
      • Geriatric (4)
      • Neonatal (2)
      • Paediatric (7)
      • Pregnant adult (3)
    • Open Section Gender (91)
      • Female (54)
      • Male (41)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (92)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (3)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (2)
      • Asian - Japanese (14)
      • Asian - Pakistani (1)
      • Asian - other (2)
      • Black - African (2)
      • Black - Caribbean (3)
      • Black - other (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (1)
      • White (52)
      • Other (3)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (88)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (8)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Brazil (3)
      • Canada (1)
      • Denmark (1)
      • Finland (1)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (2)
      • Greece (3)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • Ireland (5)
      • Israel (1)
      • Italy (3)
      • Japan (12)
      • Netherlands (1)
      • Nigeria (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Portugal (4)
      • Singapore (1)
      • Spain (4)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (2)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (1)
      • United Kingdom (15)
      • United States (13)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (86)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (84)
      • Abdominal distension (4)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (1)
      • Abdominal pain (9)
      • Abdominal tenderness (1)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Acalculia (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (3)
      • Acne (2)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Agitation (1)
      • Albuminuria (2)
      • Alopecia (1)
      • Altered level of consciousness (1)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (5)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Anorexia (2)
      • Anuria (1)
      • Anxiety (1)
      • Appetite increase (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (6)
      • Arteriosclerosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (3)
      • Asthenia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (3)
      • Back pain (3)
      • Behavioural problems (1)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (1)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (4)
      • Bone pain (3)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Brachydactyly (1)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (1)
      • Central obesity (3)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chills (1)
      • Citraturia (1)
      • Cognitive problems (1)
      • Confusion (3)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (5)
      • Coughing (1)
      • Cramps (1)
      • Dehydration (3)
      • Delayed puberty (1)
      • Delirium (1)
      • Dental problems (1)
      • Depression (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus (1)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (7)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (4)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (3)
      • Diarrhoea (6)
      • Diplopia (1)
      • Dizziness (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (2)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dysphagia (1)
      • Dysphonia (1)
      • Dyspnoea (4)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Erythema (1)
      • Eyelid swelling (3)
      • Eyes - irritation (1)
      • Face - coarse features (1)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial plethora (3)
      • Facies - abnormal (2)
      • Facies - moon (5)
      • Fatigue (12)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (1)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Genu varum (1)
      • Goitre (9)
      • Growth retardation (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (1)
      • Haematuria (1)
      • Haemoptysis (1)
      • Hands - large (1)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (15)
      • Heart failure (1)
      • Hemianopia (1)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (2)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (2)
      • Hot flushes (2)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (1)
      • Hypercalcaemia (7)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (2)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (4)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (8)
      • Hyperhidrosis (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (3)
      • Hypernatraemia (1)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (6)
      • Hyperplasia (2)
      • Hyperpnoea (1)
      • Hypertension (14)
      • Hyperthyroidism (4)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
      • Hyperuricaemia (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (1)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypocalciuria (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (7)
      • Hypogonadism (5)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (5)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (1)
      • Hyponatraemia (4)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (2)
      • Hypospadias (1)
      • Hypotension (4)
      • Hypothyroidism (5)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (2)
      • Impulsivity (1)
      • Inattention (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin resistance (2)
      • Irritability (1)
      • Ketonuria (1)
      • Kidney dysplasia (2)
      • Kidney stones (1)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Leg pain (2)
      • Leukocytosis (2)
      • Libido reduction/loss (1)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (1)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (1)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (2)
      • Microalbuminuria (1)
      • Micropenis (1)
      • Mood changes/swings (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (1)
      • Myalgia (6)
      • Myasthaenia (5)
      • Myopathy (1)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Nausea (6)
      • Neck mass (2)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (1)
      • Nephropathy (1)
      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nocturia (1)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (1)
      • Obesity (6)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (1)
      • Oedema (6)
      • Oliguria (2)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteopenia (2)
      • Osteoporosis (3)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Pallor (1)
      • Palpitations (4)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (1)
      • Pancreatitis (2)
      • Pancytopaenia (2)
      • Paraesthesia (2)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Periodontitis (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (2)
      • Poikiloderma (1)
      • Polydipsia (11)
      • Polyuria (7)
      • Premature labour (1)
      • Pretibial myxoedema (1)
      • Proptosis (3)
      • Proteinuria (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (1)
      • Ptosis (1)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (1)
      • Pyrexia (7)
      • Rash (3)
      • Reluctance to weight-bear (1)
      • Renal cyst (1)
      • Renal failure (3)
      • Renal insufficiency (2)
      • Retinopathy (1)
      • Salivary gland swelling (1)
      • Salt wasting (2)
      • Seizures (3)
      • Sepsis (1)
      • Short stature (5)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (1)
      • Skeletal deformity (2)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (2)
      • Skin thinning (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (1)
      • Slow growth (1)
      • Somnolence (1)
      • Speech delay (1)
      • Splenomegaly (2)
      • Striae (3)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (1)
      • Sweating (5)
      • Tachycardia (6)
      • Tachypnoea (1)
      • Tetany (1)
      • Thrombocytopenia (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (3)
      • Tremulousness (4)
      • Urticaria (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (2)
      • Vision - blurred (2)
      • Visual disturbance (5)
      • Visual field defect (1)
      • Visual impairment (1)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vocal cord paresis (1)
      • Vomiting (11)
      • Weight gain (5)
      • Weight loss (14)
      • Xeroderma (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (85)
      • 17OHP (4)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (4)
      • Acid-base balance (1)
      • ACTH (17)
      • ACTH stimulation (6)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (1)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (2)
      • Adrenaline (1)
      • AFP tumour marker (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (3)
      • Albumin (3)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (2)
      • Aldosterone (plasma) (1)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (1)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (2)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (6)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific) (1)
      • AMH (1)
      • Amylase (1)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Anion gap (2)
      • Anticardiolipin antibody (1)
      • Anti-insulin antibodies (1)
      • Anti-islet cell antibody (1)
      • Anti-GH antibodies (1)
      • Antinuclear antibody (2)
      • Apolipoprotein H (1)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (1)
      • Bicarbonate (7)
      • Bilirubin (2)
      • Biopsy (4)
      • Blood film (2)
      • Blood pressure (12)
      • BMI (4)
      • Bone age (1)
      • Bone biopsy (2)
      • Bone mineral content (1)
      • Bone mineral density (7)
      • Bone scintigraphy (3)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • C1NP (1)
      • C3 complement (1)
      • C4 complement (1)
      • Calcifediol (1)
      • Calcitonin (2)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Calcium (serum) (11)
      • Calcium (urine) (6)
      • Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (1)
      • Carcinoembryonic antigen (2)
      • Catecholamines (24-hour urine) (2)
      • Catecholamines (plasma) (1)
      • CD-56 (1)
      • Chemokines (1)
      • Chloride (2)
      • Chromatography (1)
      • Chromogranin A (5)
      • Chromosomal analysis (6)
      • Colonoscopy (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (10)
      • Cortisol (9am) (1)
      • Cortisol (plasma) (3)
      • Cortisol (midnight) (1)
      • Cortisol (salivary) (1)
      • Cortisol (serum) (5)
      • Cortisol, free (24-hour urine) (6)
      • C-peptide (24-hour urine) (1)
      • C-peptide (blood) (8)
      • C-reactive protein (5)
      • Creatinine (6)
      • Creatine kinase (1)
      • Creatinine (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Creatinine (serum) (3)
      • Creatinine clearance (1)
      • CTPA scan (1)
      • CT scan (39)
      • Cytokines (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • Deoxypyridinoline (1)
      • DEXA scan (5)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (4)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (high dose) (2)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (low dose) (4)
      • DHEA Sulphate (2)
      • DNA sequencing (11)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • Echocardiogram (2)
      • Electrocardiogram (3)
      • Electrolytes (2)
      • Endoscopic ultrasound (3)
      • Endoscopy (2)
      • Enzyme immunoassay (1)
      • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (1)
      • Exercise tolerance (1)
      • Ferritin (1)
      • FGF23 (1)
      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (6)
      • Flow cytometry (1)
      • FSH (11)
      • FT3 (5)
      • FT4 (12)
      • GADA (2)
      • Gastrin (4)
      • Genetic analysis (10)
      • GH (7)
      • GH day curve (1)
      • GH stimulation (1)
      • GHRH (1)
      • GLP-1 (2)
      • GLP-2 (2)
      • Glucagon (2)
      • Glucose suppression test (1)
      • Glucose (blood) (13)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (3)
      • Glucose (blood, postprandial) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (intravenous) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (3)
      • Gonadotrophins (3)
      • Gut hormones (fasting) (1)
      • Haematoxylin and eosin staining (7)
      • Haemoglobin (5)
      • Haemoglobin A1c (13)
      • Heart rate (2)
      • Histopathology (18)
      • HLA genotyping (3)
      • HOMA (1)
      • Hydroxyprogesterone (1)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (10)
      • IGF2 (1)
      • IGFBP3 (2)
      • IgG4/IgG ratio (1)
      • Immunohistochemistry (14)
      • Immunoglobulin G4 (2)
      • Immunostaining (4)
      • Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (1)
      • Insulin (5)
      • Kidney function (2)
      • Lactate dehydrogenase (1)
      • LDL cholesterol (1)
      • LH (11)
      • Lipase (serum) (1)
      • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
      • Liver biopsy (4)
      • Liver function (5)
      • Lung function testing (1)
      • Magnesium (1)
      • Metanephrines (plasma) (2)
      • Metanephrines (urinary) (4)
      • MIBG scan (2)
      • Molecular genetic analysis (18)
      • MRI (30)
      • Noradrenaline (1)
      • Normetanephrine (4)
      • NTX (1)
      • Octreotide scan (3)
      • Ocular coherent tomography (1)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (3)
      • Osteocalcin (1)
      • P1NP (1)
      • Pancreatic polypeptide (1)
      • Parathyroid scintigraphy (2)
      • Pentagastrin (1)
      • PET scan (7)
      • pH (blood) (2)
      • Phosphate (serum) (6)
      • Phosphate (urine) (1)
      • Pituitary function (3)
      • Platelet count (3)
      • Polymerase Chain Reaction (3)
      • Potassium (14)
      • Pregnenolone (3)
      • Progesterone (3)
      • Proinsulin (2)
      • Prolactin (8)
      • Prostate-specific antigen (1)
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