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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (257)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (255)
      • Adipose tissue (9)
      • Adrenal (36)
      • Bone (11)
      • Duodenum (5)
      • Heart (5)
      • Hypothalamus (6)
      • Kidney (15)
      • Liver (13)
      • Ovaries (11)
      • Pancreas (100)
      • Parathyroid (8)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (77)
      • Skin (7)
      • Stomach (5)
      • Testes (7)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (19)
    • Open Section Topic (249)
      • Adrenal (32)
      • Andrology (5)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (7)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (3)
      • Developmental endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (97)
      • Emergency (4)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (15)
      • Genetics and mutation (6)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (5)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (5)
      • Obesity (6)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (6)
      • Pituitary (61)
      • Puberty (1)
      • Thyroid (9)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (6)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (229)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (32)
      • Aldosterone (5)
      • Androgens (3)
      • Androstenedione (4)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (2)
      • AVP (2)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcitriol (2)
      • Cortisol (51)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (4)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (2)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (1)
      • FSH (31)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (36)
      • GHRH (4)
      • GLP1 (3)
      • GLP2 (2)
      • Glucagon (7)
      • Glucocorticoids (6)
      • GNRH (3)
      • Gonadotropins (6)
      • HCG (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (38)
      • IGF2 (7)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (125)
      • Kisspeptin (1)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (33)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (2)
      • Noradrenaline (1)
      • Normetanephrine (2)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (12)
      • Oestrogens (2)
      • Oxyntomodulin (1)
      • Peptide YY (1)
      • Pregnenolone (1)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (34)
      • PTH (10)
      • Renin (2)
      • Somatostatin (3)
      • Testosterone (30)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (35)
      • TRH (3)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (15)
      • TSH (39)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (243)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (3)
      • Acromegaly (20)
      • Adenocarcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (9)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (4)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (2)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Asthma (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (14)
      • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1 (1)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (5)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (5)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Craniopharyngioma (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (5)
      • Cushing's syndrome (17)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - mitochondrial (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (42)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (41)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (5)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (25)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (2)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (4)
      • Down syndrome (2)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (2)
      • Empty sella syndrome (3)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fat necrosis (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (5)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Glucagonoma (2)
      • Glycogen storage disease (1)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (2)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (3)
      • Granulosa cell tumour (1)
      • Graves' disease (3)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (2)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (2)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (4)
      • Gynaecomastia (4)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (3)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (2)
      • Hyperandrogenism (5)
      • Hypercalcaemia (5)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (1)
      • Hyperglycaemia (35)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (5)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (12)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (7)
      • Hyperkalaemia (7)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (5)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (5)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (4)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (9)
      • Hyperthyroidism (11)
      • Hypocalcaemia (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (39)
      • Hypoglycaemic coma (1)
      • Hypogonadism (9)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (7)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (10)
      • Hyponatraemia (9)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypophysitis (6)
      • Hypopituitarism (19)
      • Hypothyroidism (19)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (11)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (6)
      • Insulin resistance (11)
      • Insulinoma (7)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (2)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (4)
      • Leg ulcer (2)
      • Laron syndrome (1)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (2)
      • Leydig cell tumour (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Liver failure (3)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Macroprolactinoma (1)
      • Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) (1)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • MEN1 (6)
      • Meningitis (2)
      • Metabolic acidosis (7)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (4)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Metastatic tumour (2)
      • Microadenoma (5)
      • Microprolactinoma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myositis (1)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (4)
      • Nephrolithiasis (2)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (19)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (4)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (6)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (2)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (4)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (2)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (3)
      • Pancreatitis (5)
      • Panhypopituitarism (5)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (1)
      • Paraganglioma (2)
      • Paranasal sinus lesion (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (4)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (2)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (1)
      • PCOS (5)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (7)
      • Pituitary adenoma (35)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (6)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (2)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (3)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (4)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (3)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (4)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Pre-eclampsia (1)
      • Pregnancy (5)
      • Premature ovarian failure (2)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (7)
      • Prostate cancer (1)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (2)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Quadrantanopia (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sexual development disorders (2)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • Short stature (4)
      • SIADH (2)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (1)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (5)
      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyroid storm (1)
      • Thyroiditis (6)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (2)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (1)
      • Turner syndrome (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (257)
    • Open Section Age (256)
      • Adolescent/young adult (39)
      • Adult (174)
      • Geriatric (16)
      • Neonatal (9)
      • Paediatric (19)
      • Pregnant adult (9)
    • Open Section Gender (255)
      • Female (146)
      • Male (122)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (257)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (2)
      • Asian - Chinese (9)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (7)
      • Asian - Japanese (20)
      • Asian - Korean (1)
      • Asian - Pakistani (4)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (14)
      • Black - African (12)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (7)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (2)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (1)
      • White (168)
      • Other (10)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (250)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (31)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Brazil (3)
      • Canada (4)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (1)
      • Denmark (4)
      • France (2)
      • Germany (9)
      • Greece (5)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • India (3)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (1)
      • Ireland (12)
      • Israel (4)
      • Italy (15)
      • Japan (19)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Lebanon (1)
      • Malaysia (2)
      • Mexico (3)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (2)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Oman (2)
      • Peru (2)
      • Poland (2)
      • Portugal (8)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Russian Federation (1)
      • Saudi Arabia (1)
      • Singapore (3)
      • Spain (8)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Switzerland (3)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (2)
      • Turkey (2)
      • United Arab Emirates (2)
      • United Kingdom (55)
      • United States (27)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (243)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (237)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (1)
      • Abdominal guarding (1)
      • Abdominal lump (2)
      • Abdominal pain (26)
      • Abdominal tenderness (4)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acalculia (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (9)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (5)
      • Acrochorda (4)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (4)
      • Albuminuria (2)
      • Alopecia (4)
      • Altered level of consciousness (8)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (19)
      • Amnesia (5)
      • Anaemia (8)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Anorexia (8)
      • Anovulation (1)
      • Anuria (1)
      • Anxiety (7)
      • Aphasia (2)
      • Appetite increase (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (10)
      • Arteriosclerosis (2)
      • Arthralgia (7)
      • Ascites (2)
      • Asthenia (5)
      • Ataxia (1)
      • Atrial fibrillation (3)
      • Autism (2)
      • Autonomic neuropathy (1)
      • Back pain (6)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (2)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (3)
      • Bloating (2)
      • Bone fracture(s) (2)
      • Bone pain (2)
      • Bony metastases (1)
      • Bowel obstruction (1)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Brachydactyly (2)
      • Bradycardia (3)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (2)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (3)
      • Cardiogenic shock (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (3)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (2)
      • Central obesity (2)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (2)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (2)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (2)
      • Chronic pain (2)
      • Cirrhosis (2)
      • Citraturia (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (2)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Coagulopathy (1)
      • Coeliac disease (1)
      • Cognitive problems (5)
      • Cold intolerance (3)
      • Collapse (1)
      • Coma (5)
      • Concentration difficulties (3)
      • Confusion (12)
      • Constipation (2)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (5)
      • Crackles (3)
      • Cramps (2)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (2)
      • Deafness (1)
      • Dehydration (10)
      • Delayed puberty (1)
      • Delirium (3)
      • Depression (5)
      • Diabetes insipidus (10)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (32)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (31)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (3)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (4)
      • Diabetic foot neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (6)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (23)
      • Diarrhoea (11)
      • Diplopia (8)
      • Dizziness (11)
      • Dysarthria (1)
      • Dyslipidaemia (5)
      • Dysphagia (1)
      • Dyspnoea (14)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (2)
      • Ears - pinna abnormalities (1)
      • Ecchymoses (2)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (7)
      • Erythema (5)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - irritation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (2)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (2)
      • Face - coarse features (8)
      • Facial fullness (2)
      • Facial palsy (3)
      • Facial plethora (3)
      • Facies - abnormal (9)
      • Facies - moon (4)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (51)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (9)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Feet - pain (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Fungating lesion (1)
      • Gait abnormality (2)
      • Galactorrhoea (4)
      • Gestational diabetes (3)
      • Glucose intolerance (3)
      • Glucosuria (10)
      • Goitre (5)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (6)
      • Growth retardation (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (7)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (3)
      • Haemoptysis (1)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
      • Hallucination (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (7)
      • Hands - large (2)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (42)
      • Hearing loss (2)
      • Heart failure (3)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (3)
      • Hemianopia (4)
      • Hemiparesis (3)
      • Hepatic metastases (2)
      • Hepatomegaly (6)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (16)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (7)
      • Hypercalcaemia (9)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (15)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (45)
      • Hyperhidrosis (11)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (19)
      • Hyperkalaemia (7)
      • Hypernatraemia (7)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (6)
      • Hyperplasia (2)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (9)
      • Hypersalivation (1)
      • Hypersomnia (1)
      • Hypertension (28)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (9)
      • Hypertrichosis (3)
      • Hypertrophy (1)
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      • Hypoalbuminaemia (2)
      • Hypocalciuria (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (44)
      • Hypogonadism (28)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (5)
      • Hypokalaemia (18)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (13)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (2)
      • Hypophosphataemia (3)
      • Hypopituitarism (12)
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      • Mydriasis (1)
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      • Myxoedema (2)
      • Nail dystrophy (1)
      • Nasal obstruction (1)
      • Nausea (26)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (2)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (3)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (2)
      • Nephropathy (1)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (5)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (3)
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      • Oligomenorrhoea (2)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (3)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
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      • Osteopenia (4)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Ovarian cysts (1)
      • Palpitations (10)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (2)
      • Pancreatitis (5)
      • Pancytopaenia (1)
      • Papilloedema (1)
      • Paraesthesia (6)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Pelvic mass (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (6)
      • Photophobia (2)
      • Pleurisy (1)
      • Pneumonia (3)
      • Polydipsia (41)
      • Polyphagia (1)
      • Polyuria (38)
      • Postural instability (1)
      • Premature birth (2)
      • Prenatal growth retardation (1)
      • Pretibial myxoedema (1)
      • Prognathism (5)
      • Proptosis (4)
      • Proteinuria (5)
      • Pruritus (1)
      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (4)
      • Psychosis (3)
      • Ptosis (8)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (1)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (3)
      • Pyrexia (17)
      • Rash (3)
      • Reluctance to weight-bear (1)
      • Renal colic (1)
      • Renal cyst (1)
      • Renal failure (5)
      • Renal insufficiency (5)
      • Respiratory failure (4)
      • Retinopathy (5)
      • Sarcoidosis (1)
      • Scoliosis (2)
      • Seizures (11)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Short stature (8)
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