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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (191)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (189)
      • Adipose tissue (6)
      • Adrenal (38)
      • Bone (15)
      • Duodenum (5)
      • Heart (2)
      • Hypothalamus (4)
      • Kidney (9)
      • Liver (6)
      • Ovaries (9)
      • Pancreas (36)
      • Parathyroid (21)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (47)
      • Skin (3)
      • Stomach (3)
      • Testes (4)
      • Thymus (1)
      • Thyroid (29)
    • Open Section Topic (182)
      • Adrenal (32)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (12)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (1)
      • Developmental endocrinology (1)
      • Diabetes (37)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (11)
      • Genetics and mutation (9)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (6)
      • Mineral (3)
      • Neuroendocrinology (4)
      • Obesity (5)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (4)
      • Pituitary (39)
      • Puberty (1)
      • Thyroid (24)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (7)
    • Open Section Hormone (164)
      • 17OHP (5)
      • ACTH (22)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Aldosterone (9)
      • Androgens (4)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Atrial natriuretic hormone (1)
      • AVP (3)
      • Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
      • Calcitonin (4)
      • Calcitriol (3)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Cortisol (35)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (1)
      • Deoxycortisol (2)
      • DHEA (2)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (1)
      • Dopamine (2)
      • FGF23 (3)
      • FSH (16)
      • Gastrin (3)
      • GH (17)
      • GHRH (2)
      • Glucagon (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (4)
      • GNRH (4)
      • Gonadotropins (7)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (17)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (44)
      • Kisspeptin (2)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (20)
      • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1)
      • Metanephrines (6)
      • Mineralocorticoids (2)
      • Noradrenaline (3)
      • Normetanephrine (5)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (9)
      • Oestrogens (2)
      • Pregnenolone (2)
      • Progesterone (3)
      • Prolactin (21)
      • Prostaglandins (2)
      • PTH (21)
      • Renin (5)
      • Somatostatin (1)
      • Testosterone (18)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (34)
      • TRH (1)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (22)
      • TSH (33)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (180)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (1)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (10)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (2)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (8)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (1)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (4)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (1)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (3)
      • Anaemia (1)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (7)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (3)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Breast cancer (2)
      • Brown tumour (1)
      • CASR gene mutation (1)
      • Catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma (1)
      • Carney complex (2)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (2)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (7)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (1)
      • Conn's syndrome (2)
      • Craniopharyngioma (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (3)
      • Cushing's syndrome (9)
      • Developmental abnormalities (2)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (6)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (14)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (11)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (2)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (6)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Eating disorders (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (1)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (2)
      • Ectopic parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (3)
      • Gigantism (2)
      • Glycogen storage disease (1)
      • Goitre (1)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Granuloma (1)
      • Graves' disease (3)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (4)
      • Gynaecomastia (2)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (2)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hepatitis C (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (4)
      • Hyperandrogenism (3)
      • Hypercalcaemia (12)
      • Hyperglycaemia (14)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (5)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Hyperkalaemia (3)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (12)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (4)
      • Hypertension (7)
      • Hyperthyroidism (6)
      • Hypocalcaemia (6)
      • Hypoglycaemia (19)
      • Hypogonadism (7)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (6)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (2)
      • Hyponatraemia (5)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (5)
      • Hypophysitis (2)
      • Hypopituitarism (6)
      • Hypothyroidism (14)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (4)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (1)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (1)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (2)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (5)
      • Insulin resistance (6)
      • Insulinoma (2)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Kallmann syndrome (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (1)
      • Leydig cell tumour (1)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lung metastases (1)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Macroprolactinoma (4)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (1)
      • MEN1 (8)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (2)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (4)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (3)
      • Metastatic tumour (1)
      • Microadenoma (3)
      • Microprolactinoma (3)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (2)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (15)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (1)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
      • Obesity (4)
      • Osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
      • Osteomalacia (4)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (2)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (2)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (6)
      • Panhypopituitarism (1)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (4)
      • Paraganglioma (2)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (2)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (7)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (3)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (2)
      • PCOS (3)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (9)
      • Pituitary adenoma (16)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (1)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (2)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (1)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (3)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (2)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Pregnancy (2)
      • Premature ovarian failure (2)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (3)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (2)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (4)
      • Short stature (3)
      • SIADH (2)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Struma ovarii (1)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (4)
      • Thyroid cyst (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (4)
      • Thyroid nodule (2)
      • Thyroid storm (5)
      • Thyroiditis (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (4)
      • Traumatic brain injury (2)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (3)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (191)
    • Open Section Age (190)
      • Adolescent/young adult (34)
      • Adult (117)
      • Geriatric (12)
      • Neonatal (8)
      • Paediatric (28)
      • Pregnant adult (6)
    • Open Section Gender (191)
      • Female (117)
      • Male (87)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (191)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (7)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (8)
      • Asian - Japanese (19)
      • Asian - Korean (3)
      • Asian - Pakistani (2)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (6)
      • Black - African (7)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (3)
      • White (125)
      • Other (6)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (184)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (23)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Brazil (1)
      • Canada (4)
      • China (1)
      • Colombia (1)
      • Croatia (1)
      • Denmark (2)
      • Germany (7)
      • Greece (6)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • India (4)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (2)
      • Ireland (4)
      • Israel (2)
      • Italy (9)
      • Japan (18)
      • Korea, Republic of (1)
      • Mexico (1)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (1)
      • New Zealand (1)
      • Oman (2)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (6)
      • Puerto Rico (1)
      • Russian Federation (2)
      • Saudi Arabia (1)
      • Singapore (3)
      • Spain (6)
      • Switzerland (4)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • United Arab Emirates (2)
      • United Kingdom (36)
      • United States (25)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (181)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (175)
      • Abdominal distension (2)
      • Abdominal cramp (1)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (3)
      • Abdominal pain (14)
      • Abdominal tenderness (1)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (5)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (3)
      • Acrochorda (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (3)
      • Albuminuria (1)
      • Altered level of consciousness (1)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (14)
      • Amnesia (1)
      • Anaemia (7)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anorexia (6)
      • Anosmia (1)
      • Anovulation (1)
      • Anxiety (6)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (8)
      • Arteriosclerosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (3)
      • Ascites (1)
      • Asthenia (3)
      • Atrial fibrillation (6)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (2)
      • Back pain (4)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (2)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (2)
      • Bloating (1)
      • Bone fracture(s) (6)
      • Bone lesions (2)
      • Bone pain (4)
      • Bony metastases (1)
      • Bowel obstruction (2)
      • Brachydactyly (3)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (3)
      • Buffalo hump (1)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Calcification (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (2)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (1)
      • Chest pain (3)
      • Chills (1)
      • Cirrhosis (1)
      • Coagulopathy (1)
      • Cognitive problems (2)
      • Cold intolerance (1)
      • Collapse (3)
      • Coma (2)
      • Concentration difficulties (1)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Conjunctivitis (1)
      • Constipation (6)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (6)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Cramps (3)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Dehydration (3)
      • Delayed puberty (2)
      • Delirium (2)
      • Depression (4)
      • Diabetes insipidus (5)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (10)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (7)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (3)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (7)
      • Diarrhoea (8)
      • Diplopia (3)
      • Dizziness (5)
      • Dyslipidaemia (4)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dysphagia (6)
      • Dysphonia (2)
      • Dyspnoea (8)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Epilepsy (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (3)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (4)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial palsy (1)
      • Facial plethora (2)
      • Facial weakness (1)
      • Facies - abnormal (5)
      • Facies - moon (4)
      • Failure to thrive (3)
      • Fatigue (35)
      • Feet - cold (1)
      • Feet - increased size (2)
      • Flatulence (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (3)
      • Genu valgum (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (1)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Glucosuria (3)
      • Goitre (13)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (6)
      • Growth retardation (5)
      • Gynaecomastia (6)
      • Haematoma (4)
      • Haematuria (1)
      • Haemoptysis (1)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
      • Hallucination (2)
      • Hands - enlargement (3)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (27)
      • Hearing loss (2)
      • Heart failure (2)
      • Heat intolerance (1)
      • Hemianopia (5)
      • Hemiparesis (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (3)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (9)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hydronephrosis (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (4)
      • Hypercalcaemia (14)
      • Hypercalciuria (3)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (7)
      • Hyperglycaemia (18)
      • Hyperhidrosis (5)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (9)
      • Hyperkalaemia (5)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperpigmentation (5)
      • Hyperplasia (1)
      • Hyperpnoea (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (6)
      • Hypersalivation (1)
      • Hyperseborrhea (1)
      • Hypersomnia (1)
      • Hypertension (26)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (6)
      • Hypertrichosis (3)
      • Hyperuricaemia (2)
      • Hyperventilation (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (2)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypocalciuria (4)
      • Hypoglycaemia (21)
      • Hypogonadism (17)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (9)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (3)
      • Hyponatraemia (8)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (3)
      • Hypophosphataemia (6)
      • Hypopituitarism (6)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hyporeflexia (1)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (6)
      • Hypothermia (1)
      • Hypothyroidism (13)
      • Hypotonia (2)
      • Hypoxia (2)
      • Impulsivity (1)
      • Inattention (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insomnia (1)
      • Insulin resistance (5)
      • Irritability (3)
      • Ischaemia (1)
      • Jaundice (1)
      • Ketonuria (1)
      • Kidney dysplasia (1)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Leg pain (3)
      • Leukocytosis (4)
      • Libido reduction/loss (3)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (1)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (3)
      • Mania (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (4)
      • Microalbuminuria (1)
      • Micropenis (2)
      • Mood changes/swings (2)
      • Muscle atrophy (3)
      • Myalgia (3)
      • Myasthaenia (12)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myopathy (1)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Nausea (19)
      • Neck mass (4)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (1)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (4)
      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nocturia (2)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (1)
      • Nose - depressed bridge (1)
      • Obesity (15)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (1)
      • Oedema (3)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Oliguria (2)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (1)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orbital hypertelorism (1)
      • Osteoarthritis (1)
      • Osteomalacia (4)
      • Osteopenia (4)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Ovarian cysts (1)
      • Pallor (1)
      • Palpitations (9)
      • Pancreatitis (5)
      • Papilloedema (1)
      • Paraesthesia (3)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Periosteal bone reactions (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (2)
      • Phosphaturia (1)
      • Pneumonia (2)
      • Polycythaemia (1)
      • Polydipsia (19)
      • Polyuria (13)
      • Premature birth (1)
      • Prenatal growth retardation (1)
      • Prognathism (2)
      • Proptosis (2)
      • Proteinuria (3)
      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (1)
      • Psychosis (3)
      • Ptosis (2)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (1)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (1)
      • Pyelonephritis (1)
      • Pyrexia (12)
      • Rash (1)
      • Renal cyst (2)
      • Renal failure (3)
      • Renal insufficiency (4)
      • Renal phosphate wasting (isolated) (1)
      • Respiratory failure (3)
      • Retinopathy (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Salt craving (1)
      • Salt wasting (2)
      • Sarcoidosis (1)
      • Scoliosis (2)
      • Seizures (6)
      • Sepsis (2)
      • Short stature (8)
      • Sinusitis (1)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (4)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin - texture change (3)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (1)
      • Skin thickening (1)
      • Skin thinning (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (3)
      • Slow growth (3)
      • Slurred speech (1)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Soft tissue swelling (1)
      • Somnolence (4)
      • Sore throat (1)
      • Spasms (1)
      • Splenomegaly (3)
      • Striae (2)
      • Stridor (2)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (1)
      • Sweating (7)
      • Syncope (1)
      • Tachycardia (15)
      • Tachypnoea (1)
      • Teeth gapping (2)
      • Telangiectasias (1)
      • Tetraparesis (1)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (1)
      • Tetany (3)
      • Thermodysregulation (2)
      • Thrombocytopenia (4)
      • Thrombocytosis (1)
      • Thyroid nodule (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (4)
      • Tinnitus (2)
      • Tracheo-oesophageal compression (1)
      • Tremulousness (5)
      • Umbilical hernia (1)
      • Uterus duplex (1)
      • Ventricular fibrillation (1)
      • Vertigo (3)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (5)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (2)
      • Vision - blurred (4)
      • Visual disturbance (6)
      • Visual field defect (2)
      • Visual impairment (4)
      • Vocal cord paresis (2)
      • Vomiting (17)
      • Weight gain (12)
      • Weight loss (20)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (181)
      • 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid (1)
      • 17OHP (6)
      • 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine) (1)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (7)
      • Aberrant adrenal receptors (1)
      • ACTH (27)
      • ACTH stimulation (13)
      • Activated partial thromboplastin time (2)
      • Adiponectin (2)
      • Adrenal antibodies (2)
      • Adrenal function (1)
      • Adrenal scintigraphy (3)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (3)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (5)
      • Albumin (6)
      • Albumin to creatinine ratio (3)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (4)
      • Aldosterone (plasma) (1)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (3)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (3)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (13)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific) (3)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (2)
      • AMH (2)
      • Ammonia (2)
      • Amniocentesis (1)
      • Amylase (1)
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