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– 3581 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2052 ) 10 Hautmann AH Hautmann MG Kölbl O Herr W & Fleck M Tumor-induced osteomalacia: an up-to-date review . Current Rheumatology Reports 2015 17 512. ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926
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imaging studies (3) . The Japanese revised ‘Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Autoimmune Pancreatitis’ (2006) contained three items: radiological imaging showing diffuse or segmental narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, and diffuse or segmental
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Summary
A 50-year-old woman with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) was diagnosed due to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Preoperatively, she showed thyrotoxicosis with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH (SITSH) and had a 5 cm nodule in her thyroid gland. Octreotide was administered preoperatively, which helped lower her serum TSH level but not her thyroid hormone level. These findings were atypical for a patient with TSHoma. The TSHoma was completely resected, and the TSH level dropped below the sensitivity limit shortly after surgery. Interestingly, however, thyroid hormone levels remained high. A clear clue to the aetiology was provided by consecutive thyroid scintigraphy. Although preoperative thyroid scintigraphy did not show a hot nodule and the mass was thought to be a non-functional thyroid nodule, the nodule was found to be hot in the postoperative phase of TSH suppression. By focusing on the atypical postoperative course of the TSHoma, we were able to conclude that this was a case of TSHoma combined with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN).
Learning points
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The diagnosis of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) depends on suppressed serum TSH levels.
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If thyroid hormones are resistant to somatostatin analogue therapy or surgery for TSHoma, complications of AFTN as well as destructive thyroiditis need to be considered.
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It is important to revisit the basics when facing diagnostic difficulties and not to give up on understanding the pathology.
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Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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parathyroid hormone venous sampling . Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology 2017 40 9 – 21 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-016-1481-4 ) 10 Ibraheem K Toraih EA Haddad AB Farag M Randolph GW Kandil E Selective parathyroid venous
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Faculty of Health and Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Background Pituitary adenomas are common, identified radiologically in 10–20% of individuals. The prevalence of clinically relevant pituitary adenomas is much lower, approximately 0.1% ( 1 ); fewer than half of these are macroadenomas which
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Summary
Treatment of insulinoma can be challenging, while surgical resection is considered the first line. When surgery is contraindicated or is refused, minimally invasive procedures such as selective arterial embolization, local ablative techniques including alcohol ablation, radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are being used of late. The world’s first microwave ablation of insulinoma was performed in 2015, after which there have been only a handful of reported cases. A 78-year-old female presented with painful swelling of the left lower limb. She was drowsy and was previously misdiagnosed as epilepsy when she had similar episodes since 2 years ago. She had hypoglycaemia with high serum insulin and C-peptide, and mildly high adjusted calcium, serum prolactin. MRI did not show pituitary adenoma. Lower limb venous duplex scan showed left lower limb deep vein thrombosis for which she was treated with anticoagulation. CT of the abdomen showed a tumour measuring 1.8 cm, located in the antero-superior aspect of the body of the pancreas, with the superior surface being abutted by the splenic artery and the inferior surface being 3 mm above the pancreatic duct, suggestive of an insulinoma. Selective transcatheter arterial embolization of the pancreatic tumour was attempted but was abandoned due to multiple small feeding arteries. Microwave ablation of the tumour was performed successfully. Since there was a possibility of the ablation being compromised due to the heat sink at the splenic artery, 2 mL of 99% alcohol was injected into the rim of the tumour near the artery. She was subsequently normoglycaemic. She defaulted follow up for repeat imaging of pancreas and screening for MEN1 syndrome due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Minimally invasive procedures are preferred over surgery in selected patients with insulinoma, out of which microwave ablation could be preferentially recommended due to its efficacy and minimal complications. We report the first case of MWA performed in combination with AA in successfully treating insulinoma to our knowledge. This is also the first reported case of DVT associated with isolated insulinoma prior to intervention, though it is rarely reported in MEN1 syndrome.
Learning points
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Novel therapeutic minimally invasive procedures are successful in treating selected cases of insulinoma.
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Microwave ablation could be recommended preferentially over selective trans-arterial embolization, and radiofrequency ablation in treating insulinoma due to its efficacy and minimal complications.
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We report the first case of microwave ablation performed in combination with alcohol ablation in successfully treating insulinoma to our knowledge.
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× 18 mm characterized by meta-haemoglobin content. The lesion had a latero- and supra-sellar extension causing compression of both cavernous sinuses and the optic chiasm. These radiological findings were suggestive of a haemorrhagic pituitary