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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (354)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (354)
      • Adipose tissue (5)
      • Adrenal (87)
      • Bone (24)
      • Duodenum (7)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (5)
      • Kidney (10)
      • Liver (7)
      • Ovaries (16)
      • Pancreas (42)
      • Parathyroid (37)
      • Pituitary (105)
      • Skin (2)
      • Stomach (7)
      • Testes (8)
      • Thymus (3)
      • Thyroid (78)
    • Open Section Topic (341)
      • Adrenal (73)
      • Andrology (4)
      • Autoimmunity (2)
      • Bone (17)
      • Cardiovascular endocrinology (3)
      • Diabetes (37)
      • Emergency (1)
      • Endocrine disruptors (1)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (26)
      • Genetics and mutation (4)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (9)
      • Mineral (2)
      • Neuroendocrinology (13)
      • Obesity (4)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (2)
      • Pituitary (85)
      • Puberty (2)
      • Thyroid (65)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (19)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Hormone (292)
      • 17OHP (4)
      • ACTH (49)
      • Adrenaline (7)
      • Aldosterone (15)
      • Androgens (5)
      • Androstenedione (6)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (6)
      • AVP (2)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Calcitonin (10)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Corticotrophin (1)
      • Cortisol (76)
      • CRH (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (3)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (2)
      • Dopamine (3)
      • FGF23 (3)
      • FSH (39)
      • Gastrin (4)
      • GH (30)
      • GHRH (4)
      • GLP1 (2)
      • GLP2 (1)
      • Glucagon (5)
      • Glucocorticoids (11)
      • GNRH (3)
      • Gonadotropins (6)
      • HCG (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (2)
      • IGF1 (36)
      • IGF2 (6)
      • Inhibin (2)
      • Insulin (51)
      • Kisspeptin (1)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (44)
      • Metanephrines (15)
      • Mineralocorticoids (4)
      • Noradrenaline (11)
      • Normetanephrine (15)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (16)
      • Oestrogens (2)
      • Peptide YY (1)
      • Pregnenolone (1)
      • Procalcitonin (1)
      • Progesterone (5)
      • Prolactin (56)
      • Prostaglandins (2)
      • PTH (33)
      • Renin (7)
      • Somatostatin (5)
      • Testosterone (35)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (69)
      • TRH (4)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (37)
      • TSH (69)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (325)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency (1)
      • Abscess (4)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (24)
      • Addison's disease (4)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (14)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (1)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (13)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (6)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (3)
      • Amyloidosis (1)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (3)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (2)
      • Asthma (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (8)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (2)
      • Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (1)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Breast cancer (2)
      • Brown tumour (5)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma (1)
      • Carcinoid tumour (1)
      • Carney complex (1)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (2)
      • C-cell hyperplasia (2)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (5)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (1)
      • Congenital hyperinsulinism (1)
      • Conn's syndrome (3)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (4)
      • Craniopharyngioma (2)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (10)
      • Cushing's syndrome (33)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes - steroid-induced (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (9)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (21)
      • Diabetic foot syndrome (3)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (5)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (1)
      • Diverticular disease (1)
      • Down syndrome (1)
      • Eating disorders (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (4)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (8)
      • Ectopic parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (1)
      • Euthyroid sick syndrome (1)
      • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (3)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fat necrosis (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (4)
      • Fractures (1)
      • Functional parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (1)
      • GCK mutation (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (2)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gigantism (2)
      • Glucagonoma (2)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (5)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Granuloma (3)
      • Granulosa cell tumour (1)
      • Graves' disease (10)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (3)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (1)
      • Gynaecomastia (6)
      • Hamman’s syndrome (1)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (3)
      • Hemihypertrophy (1)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Histiocytosis (1)
      • Huntington's disease (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (9)
      • Hyperandrogenism (5)
      • Hypercalcaemia (14)
      • Hyperglucogonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (12)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (3)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (7)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (4)
      • Hyperkalaemia (2)
      • Hyperlipidaemia (1)
      • Hypernatraemia (5)
      • Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (3)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (27)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) (1)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (15)
      • Hypertension (15)
      • Hyperthyroidism (17)
      • Hypocalcaemia (5)
      • Hypoglycaemia (21)
      • Hypogonadism (12)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (8)
      • Hypokalaemia (15)
      • Hyponatraemia (8)
      • Hypophosphataemia (5)
      • Hypophysitis (6)
      • Hypopituitarism (15)
      • Hypothyroidism (26)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (13)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (3)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (2)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (4)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (5)
      • Insulin resistance (4)
      • Insulinoma (5)
      • Intrauterine growth retardation (2)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (4)
      • Leydig cell tumour (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (1)
      • Lipomatosis (2)
      • Liver failure (3)
      • Lung metastases (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (4)
      • Macronodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Macroprolactinoma (9)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (6)
      • MEN1 (11)
      • MEN2A (3)
      • Meningitis (2)
      • Metabolic acidosis (2)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (10)
      • Metastatic chromaffin cell tumour (1)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (2)
      • Metastatic tumour (4)
      • Microadenoma (4)
      • Motor neurone disease (1)
      • Myelolipoma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (2)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neonatal diabetes (1)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (35)
      • Neurofibromatosis (4)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Obesity (3)
      • Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (1)
      • Osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
      • Osteomalacia (4)
      • Osteomyelitis (1)
      • Osteoporosis (5)
      • Osteosclerosis (1)
      • Ovarian cancer (7)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (4)
      • Ovarian tumour (5)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (2)
      • Pancreatitis (2)
      • Panhypopituitarism (9)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (21)
      • Paraganglioma (6)
      • Paranasal sinus lesion (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (7)
      • Parasitic thyroid nodules (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (20)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (4)
      • Parathyroid cyst (2)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (3)
      • PCOS (4)
      • Periodontal disease (1)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (23)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (2)
      • Pituitary abscess (3)
      • Pituitary adenoma (50)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (8)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (3)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (4)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (6)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (4)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (4)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Post-prandial hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Pregnancy (4)
      • Premature ovarian failure (3)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (10)
      • Prostate cancer (4)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (3)
      • Pulmonary oedema (1)
      • Quadrantanopia (2)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (4)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • SIADH (4)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (2)
      • Small intestine neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (2)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (5)
      • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (1)
      • Struma ovarii (4)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (3)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Testicular cancer (1)
      • Thyroid adenoma (3)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (8)
      • Thyroid cyst (1)
      • Thyroid dysgenesis (1)
      • Thyroid fibromatosis (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (2)
      • Thyroid nodule (10)
      • Thyroid storm (5)
      • Thyroiditis (6)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (11)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (1)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Tumour-induced osteomalacia (5)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (1)
      • Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (354)
    • Open Section Age (353)
      • Adolescent/young adult (47)
      • Adult (263)
      • Geriatric (21)
      • Neonatal (5)
      • Paediatric (18)
      • Pregnant adult (13)
    • Open Section Gender (354)
      • Female (226)
      • Male (144)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (354)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (4)
      • Asian - Chinese (20)
      • Asian - Filipino (2)
      • Asian - Indian (10)
      • Asian - Japanese (25)
      • Asian - Korean (2)
      • Asian - Pakistani (3)
      • Asian - Vietnamese (1)
      • Asian - other (13)
      • Black - African (11)
      • Black - Caribbean (4)
      • Black - other (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (7)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (2)
      • White (236)
      • Other (10)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (347)
      • Argentina (5)
      • Australia (37)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Belgium (2)
      • Brazil (2)
      • Canada (9)
      • China (2)
      • Croatia (2)
      • Czech Republic (1)
      • Denmark (6)
      • France (1)
      • Germany (6)
      • Greece (7)
      • Hong Kong (1)
      • India (7)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (2)
      • Ireland (11)
      • Israel (7)
      • Italy (22)
      • Japan (25)
      • Lebanon (2)
      • Malaysia (2)
      • Mexico (2)
      • Netherlands (4)
      • New Zealand (3)
      • Oman (3)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (1)
      • Portugal (18)
      • Puerto Rico (2)
      • Russian Federation (3)
      • Saudi Arabia (3)
      • Singapore (5)
      • Spain (12)
      • Sri Lanka (1)
      • Switzerland (6)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (4)
      • Thailand (1)
      • Turkey (4)
      • United Arab Emirates (2)
      • United Kingdom (74)
      • United States (37)
      • Uruguay (1)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (329)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (318)
      • Abdominal adiposity (2)
      • Abdominal distension (5)
      • Abdominal cramp (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (2)
      • Abdominal lump (5)
      • Abdominal pain (28)
      • Abdominal tenderness (1)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Abdominal wall defects (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (3)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (4)
      • Acrochorda (4)
      • Acute stress reaction (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Agitation (3)
      • Albuminuria (1)
      • Alopecia (5)
      • Altered level of consciousness (8)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (28)
      • Amnesia (3)
      • Anaemia (9)
      • Anisocoria (1)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anorexia (11)
      • Anxiety (11)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite increase (2)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (7)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arteriosclerosis (2)
      • Arthralgia (11)
      • Asthenia (8)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (9)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (13)
      • Bacteraemia (1)
      • Behavioural problems (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (3)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bloating (1)
      • Bone fracture(s) (7)
      • Bone lesions (4)
      • Bone pain (6)
      • Bony metastases (2)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Bowel obstruction (2)
      • Bowel perforation (1)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (2)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (7)
      • Buffalo hump (5)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Calcification (2)
      • Cardiac malformations (2)
      • Cardiogenic shock (3)
      • Cardiomegaly (1)
      • Cardiomyopathy (7)
      • Cardiopulmonary arrest (1)
      • Carpal tunnel syndrome (2)
      • Cataract(s) (1)
      • Central obesity (4)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (2)
      • Cervical pain (2)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (7)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Chills (2)
      • Cholecystitis (1)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Chronic pain (2)
      • Cirrhosis (1)
      • Citraturia (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (4)
      • Coagulopathy (1)
      • Cognitive problems (2)
      • Cold intolerance (4)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Coma (3)
      • Concentration difficulties (4)
      • Confusion (11)
      • Constipation (6)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coordination difficulties (1)
      • Coughing (10)
      • Crackles (4)
      • Cramps (2)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (2)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (3)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (3)
      • Dehydration (8)
      • Delayed puberty (2)
      • Delirium (3)
      • Dental problems (1)
      • Depression (8)
      • Diabetes insipidus (8)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (6)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (20)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic foot ulceration (2)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (5)
      • Diarrhoea (18)
      • Diplopia (10)
      • Dizziness (12)
      • Dyslipidaemia (3)
      • Dysphagia (9)
      • Dysphonia (7)
      • Dyspnoea (19)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ecchymoses (9)
      • Ectopic ureter (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (2)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (8)
      • Erythema (7)
      • Eyelid swelling (2)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - irritation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (3)
      • Face - coarse features (11)
      • Facial fullness (5)
      • Facial palsy (3)
      • Facial plethora (10)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (2)
      • Facies - moon (11)
      • Failure to thrive (2)
      • Fatigue (59)
      • Feet - increased size (9)
      • Feet - large (2)
      • Feet - pain (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flatulence (1)
      • Flushing (2)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Fungating lesion (1)
      • Gait abnormality (2)
      • Gait unsteadiness (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (6)
      • Gallstones (1)
      • Genu valgum (1)
      • Genu varum (1)
      • Gestational diabetes (2)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Glucosuria (2)
      • Goitre (21)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (2)
      • Growth retardation (2)
      • Gynaecomastia (11)
      • Haematoma (6)
      • Haematuria (3)
      • Haemoptysis (3)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (7)
      • Hands - large (3)
      • Headache (64)
      • Hearing loss (2)
      • Heart failure (9)
      • Heart murmur (3)
      • Heat intolerance (5)
      • Hemianopia (10)
      • Hemiparesis (3)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (3)
      • Hepatomegaly (3)
      • Hirsutism (18)
      • Hot flushes (2)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (4)
      • Hypercalcaemia (25)
      • Hypercalciuria (4)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (4)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (23)
      • Hyperglucagonaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (19)
      • Hyperhidrosis (15)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (2)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (8)
      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hypernatraemia (6)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (11)
      • Hyperplasia (3)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (15)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
      • Hyperseborrhea (1)
      • Hypertension (58)
      • Hyperthermia (2)
      • Hyperthyroidism (15)
      • Hypertrichosis (3)
      • Hyperventilation (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (3)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypocalciuria (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (24)
      • Hypogonadism (28)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (3)
      • Hypokalaemia (27)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (1)
      • Hyponatraemia (15)
      • Hypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Hypophosphataemia (10)
      • Hypopituitarism (11)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hypospadias (1)
      • Hypotension (21)
      • Hypothyroidism (25)
      • Hypotonia (1)
      • Hypoxia (3)
      • Immunodeficiency (1)
      • Infections (1)
      • Infertility (2)
      • Inflexibility (1)
      • Insomnia (3)
      • Insulin resistance (6)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Ischaemia (2)
      • Jaundice (3)
      • Ketonuria (1)
      • Kidney dysplasia (1)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Kyphosis (1)
      • Leg pain (9)
      • Leukocytosis (7)
      • Libido reduction/loss (9)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenectomy (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (7)
      • Macroglossia (3)
      • Malaise (5)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (3)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (7)
      • Microalbuminuria (1)
      • Micropenis (3)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Muscle atrophy (10)
      • Myalgia (6)
      • Myasthaenia (30)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (3)
      • Myopathy (5)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Myxoedema (1)
      • Nasal obstruction (2)
      • Nausea (23)
      • Neck mass (12)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (6)
      • Necrolytic migratory erythema (1)
      • Nephrocalcinosis (1)
      • Nephropathy (1)
      • Neurofibromas (4)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (5)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (4)
      • Nose - thickening (1)
      • Obesity (22)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (2)
      • Oedema (17)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Optic atrophy (2)
      • Orbital hypertelorism (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteoarthritis (3)
      • Osteomalacia (4)
      • Osteopenia (8)
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