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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (123)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (123)
      • Adipose tissue (3)
      • Adrenal (29)
      • Bone (6)
      • Duodenum (1)
      • Hypothalamus (4)
      • Kidney (5)
      • Liver (1)
      • Ovaries (14)
      • Pancreas (6)
      • Parathyroid (5)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (64)
      • Skin (2)
      • Testes (12)
      • Thyroid (9)
    • Open Section Topic (120)
      • Adrenal (26)
      • Andrology (7)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (5)
      • Diabetes (7)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (1)
      • Genetics and mutation (4)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (10)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Neuroendocrinology (2)
      • Obesity (2)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (2)
      • Pituitary (56)
      • Puberty (1)
      • Thyroid (4)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (103)
      • 17OHP (6)
      • ACTH (22)
      • Aldosterone (9)
      • Androgens (5)
      • Androstenedione (9)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (3)
      • Calcitonin (1)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticosterone (1)
      • Corticotrophin (1)
      • Cortisol (30)
      • Cortisone (1)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (3)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • Deoxycortisol (1)
      • DHEA (3)
      • Dihydrotestosterone (2)
      • FSH (38)
      • GH (20)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucocorticoids (4)
      • GNRH (5)
      • Gonadotropins (6)
      • HCG (3)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (22)
      • IGF2 (1)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (16)
      • Kisspeptin (1)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (43)
      • Metanephrines (1)
      • Normetanephrine (1)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (10)
      • Oestrogens (3)
      • Pregnenolone (1)
      • Progesterone (2)
      • Prolactin (31)
      • PTH (6)
      • Renin (3)
      • Testosterone (60)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (22)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (7)
      • TSH (24)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (112)
      • 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (1)
      • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency (1)
      • 49XXXXY syndrome (1)
      • Acromegaly (9)
      • Addisonian crisis (1)
      • Addison's disease (2)
      • Adenocarcinoma (1)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (11)
      • Adrenal salt-wasting crisis (1)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (1)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (3)
      • Adrenoleukodystrophy (1)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (2)
      • Anaemia (1)
      • Aneuploidy (1)
      • Androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune disorders (4)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (5)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (8)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Craniopharyngioma (2)
      • Cryptorchidism (2)
      • Cushing's disease (4)
      • Cushing's syndrome (8)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (8)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (9)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (5)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (3)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (3)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gigantism (2)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (2)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (1)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Granulosa cell tumour (1)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (7)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (2)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (8)
      • Hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Hyperglycaemia (5)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (6)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hypernatraemia (3)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (3)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (3)
      • Hyperthyroidism (1)
      • Hypocalcaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (3)
      • Hypogonadism (14)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (12)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (4)
      • Hyponatraemia (4)
      • Hypophysitis (7)
      • Hypopituitarism (14)
      • Hypothyroidism (10)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (3)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (3)
      • Incidentaloma (2)
      • Infertility (3)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (1)
      • Insulin resistance (5)
      • Intracranial vasospasm (1)
      • Kallmann syndrome (2)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (5)
      • Leydig cell tumour (2)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Lipomatosis (1)
      • Lymphadenopathy (1)
      • Macroprolactinoma (4)
      • MEN1 (1)
      • Meningitis (1)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (4)
      • Microadenoma (2)
      • Microprolactinoma (1)
      • Myelolipoma (2)
      • Myositis (1)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (5)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (1)
      • Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (1)
      • Osteoporosis (6)
      • Ovarian cancer (1)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1)
      • Ovarian tumour (3)
      • Pancreatitis (1)
      • Panhypopituitarism (6)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (1)
      • PCOS (3)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (1)
      • Pituitary adenoma (23)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (7)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (1)
      • Pituitary cyst (1)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (3)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (2)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (1)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (1)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Pre-eclampsia (1)
      • Pregnancy (2)
      • Premature ovarian failure (1)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (4)
      • Prostate cancer (5)
      • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (2)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (delayed or absent) (3)
      • Puberty (precocious) (2)
      • Quadrantanopia (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
      • Sellar reossification (1)
      • Sexual development disorders (7)
      • Short stature (2)
      • SIADH (1)
      • Solitary sellar plasmacytoma (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (1)
      • TARTs (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (1)
      • Thyroiditis (3)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (2)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (123)
    • Open Section Age (123)
      • Adolescent/young adult (32)
      • Adult (83)
      • Geriatric (2)
      • Neonatal (3)
      • Paediatric (12)
      • Pregnant adult (1)
    • Open Section Gender (121)
      • Female (38)
      • Male (88)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (123)
      • American Indian or Alaska Native (1)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (3)
      • Asian - Chinese (3)
      • Asian - Indian (1)
      • Asian - Japanese (4)
      • Asian - Pakistani (3)
      • Asian - other (9)
      • Black - African (5)
      • Black - Caribbean (1)
      • Black - other (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (2)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (1)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (1)
      • White (84)
      • Other (2)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (118)
      • Argentina (1)
      • Australia (14)
      • Bangladesh (2)
      • Brazil (3)
      • Canada (4)
      • Denmark (1)
      • Germany (3)
      • Greece (4)
      • India (1)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (1)
      • Ireland (6)
      • Italy (8)
      • Japan (3)
      • Malaysia (3)
      • Mexico (1)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Portugal (10)
      • Russian Federation (1)
      • Saudi Arabia (2)
      • Singapore (2)
      • Spain (4)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (2)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (27)
      • United States (9)
      • Uruguay (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (113)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (111)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (1)
      • Abdominal lump (1)
      • Abdominal pain (4)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (5)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (5)
      • Acrochorda (1)
      • Adverse breast development (1)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (1)
      • Alopecia (3)
      • Altered level of consciousness (2)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (2)
      • Amenorrhoea (13)
      • Amnesia (2)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Anhedonia (1)
      • Anorexia (7)
      • Anosmia (2)
      • Anovulation (1)
      • Anxiety (2)
      • Aphasia (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (3)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (4)
      • Asthenia (1)
      • Ataxia (2)
      • Atrial fibrillation (2)
      • Atrophy (1)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (1)
      • Babinski's sign (1)
      • Back pain (2)
      • Behavioural problems (1)
      • Bifid scrotum (1)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (2)
      • Bloating (3)
      • Bone fracture(s) (4)
      • Bone lesions (1)
      • Bone pain (2)
      • Brachydactyly (3)
      • Bradycardia (2)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (1)
      • Buffalo hump (1)
      • Cardiac malformations (3)
      • Cataract(s) (1)
      • Central obesity (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (1)
      • Cirrhosis (2)
      • Clitoromegaly (4)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Cognitive problems (4)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Concentration difficulties (2)
      • Confusion (4)
      • Constipation (2)
      • Crackles (1)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (3)
      • Cryptorchidism (3)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (1)
      • Dehydration (6)
      • Delayed puberty (4)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (3)
      • Diabetes insipidus (6)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (7)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (6)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (3)
      • Diarrhoea (2)
      • Diplopia (5)
      • Dizziness (3)
      • Dyslipidaemia (4)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dyspnoea (3)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (1)
      • Enlarged prostate (2)
      • Eosinophilia (1)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (10)
      • Erythema (1)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (1)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (6)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial plethora (2)
      • Facial weakness (1)
      • Facies - abnormal (5)
      • Facies - moon (3)
      • Faecal incontinence (1)
      • Fatigue (32)
      • Feet - increased size (4)
      • Feet - large (1)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (2)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Goitre (3)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (3)
      • Growth retardation (3)
      • Gynaecomastia (16)
      • Haematuria (1)
      • Hair - temporal balding (1)
      • Hallucination (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (2)
      • Hands - large (2)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (27)
      • Heart failure (3)
      • Heart murmur (2)
      • Heat intolerance (2)
      • Hemianopia (4)
      • Hemiparesis (2)
      • Hepatomegaly (2)
      • Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
      • Hirsutism (10)
      • Hot flushes (1)
      • Hyperactivity (2)
      • Hyperandrogenism (7)
      • Hypercalcaemia (2)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (2)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (5)
      • Hyperglycaemia (7)
      • Hyperhidrosis (3)
      • Hyperhomocysteinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (5)
      • Hypernatraemia (5)
      • Hyperpigmentation (8)
      • Hyperplasia (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (6)
      • Hypersomnia (1)
      • Hypertension (13)
      • Hyperthyroidism (1)
      • Hypertrichosis (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (4)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (1)
      • Hypoglycaemia (6)
      • Hypogonadism (35)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hypokalaemia (7)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (1)
      • Hyponatraemia (8)
      • Hypophosphataemia (1)
      • Hypopituitarism (10)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (2)
      • Hyporeflexia (2)
      • Hypospadias (2)
      • Hypotension (9)
      • Hypothyroidism (12)
      • Hypotonia (3)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (2)
      • Hypovolaemia (1)
      • Impulsivity (1)
      • Inattention (1)
      • Infections (1)
      • Infertility (5)
      • Insomnia (2)
      • Insulin resistance (4)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Jaundice (1)
      • Ketonuria (1)
      • Kidney stones (1)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (1)
      • Learning difficulties (1)
      • Leg pain (2)
      • Leukocytosis (3)
      • Libido increase (1)
      • Libido reduction/loss (13)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lordosis (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (2)
      • Macroglossia (2)
      • Malaise (2)
      • Mania (1)
      • Mastalgia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (1)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (1)
      • Micropenis (5)
      • Mood changes/swings (2)
      • Muscle atrophy (3)
      • Myalgia (4)
      • Myasthaenia (9)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myopathy (2)
      • Myxoedema (1)
      • Nausea (15)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (1)
      • Nocturia (3)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (3)
      • Nose - depressed bridge (1)
      • Obesity (12)
      • Oedema (5)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (1)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (1)
      • Optic atrophy (2)
      • Osteopenia (4)
      • Osteoporosis (7)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Ovarian cysts (2)
      • Palpitations (4)
      • Pancreatitis (1)
      • Papilloedema (2)
      • Paraesthesia (2)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Paranoia (1)
      • Peripheral oedema (2)
      • Photophobia (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Polycythaemia (1)
      • Polydipsia (13)
      • Polyuria (11)
      • Postural instability (1)
      • Prognathism (3)
      • Proptosis (2)
      • Proteinuria (2)
      • Psychomotor retardation (3)
      • Psychosis (3)
      • Ptosis (5)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (4)
      • Pyrexia (5)
      • Pyuria (1)
      • Rash (1)
      • Renal colic (1)
      • Renal failure (1)
      • Renal tubular acidosis (1)
      • Retinopathy (1)
      • Sarcoidosis (1)
      • Scoliosis (3)
      • Seizures (3)
      • Septic shock (1)
      • Short stature (8)
      • Singultus (1)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (2)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin - texture change (2)
      • Skin thickening (1)
      • Skin thinning (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (1)
      • Slow growth (2)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Somnolence (2)
      • Spastic paraplegia (1)
      • Spasticity (1)
      • Speech delay (2)
      • Splenomegaly (2)
      • Striae (1)
      • Stroke (1)
      • Supraclavicular fat pads (2)
      • Sweating (1)
      • Syncope (1)
      • Tachycardia (3)
      • Teeth gapping (2)
      • T-reflex (depressed) (2)
      • Tetany (1)
      • Thrombocytopenia (4)
      • Thrombocytosis (1)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (1)
      • Toe clubbing (1)
      • Tremulousness (1)
      • Urinary frequency (1)
      • Urinary incontinence (1)
      • Ventricular hypertrophy (3)
      • Vertigo (1)
      • Virilisation (abnormal) (9)
      • Vision - acuity reduction (2)
      • Vision - blurred (4)
      • Visual disturbance (4)
      • Visual field defect (4)
      • Visual impairment (6)
      • Vitiligo (1)
      • Vomiting (13)
      • Weight gain (8)
      • Weight loss (8)
      • Xeroderma (1)
      • Xerostomia (1)
    • Open Section Investigation (113)
      • 17OHP (8)
      • 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (4)
      • ACTH (30)
      • ACTH stimulation (13)
      • Adiponectin (1)
      • Adrenal antibodies (1)
      • Adrenal function (1)
      • Adrenal venous sampling (1)
      • Alanine aminotransferase (1)
      • Albumin (6)
      • Aldosterone (24-hour urine) (1)
      • Aldosterone (blood) (4)
      • Aldosterone (plasma) (1)
      • Aldosterone (serum) (3)
      • Aldosterone to renin ratio (1)
      • Alkaline phosphatase (3)
      • Alpha-fetoprotein (3)
      • AMH (2)
      • Ammonia (1)
      • Amylase (1)
      • Androstenedione (9)
      • Angiography (4)
      • Anion gap (2)
      • Anti-insulin antibodies (1)
      • Anti-GH antibodies (2)
      • Antinuclear antibody (2)
      • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (1)
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      • Biopsy (2)
      • Blood film (1)
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      • BMI (15)
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      • Bone age (6)
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      • Bone mineral density (5)
      • Calcitonin (1)
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      • Calcium (urine) (3)
      • Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (2)
      • Catecholamines (24-hour urine) (1)
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      • Chloride (3)
      • Chromogranin A (1)
      • Chromosomal analysis (12)
      • Clomid challenge (1)
      • Clonidine suppression (1)
      • Collagen (1)
      • Corticosterone (2)
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      • Cortisol (17)
      • Cortisol (9am) (10)
      • Cortisol (plasma) (4)
      • Cortisol (midnight) (1)
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      • Cortisol (serum) (11)
      • Cortisol, free (24-hour urine) (6)
      • C-peptide (24-hour urine) (2)
      • C-peptide (blood) (9)
      • C-reactive protein (6)
      • Creatinine (3)
      • Creatine kinase (3)
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      • CT scan (40)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (6)
      • Deoxycorticosterone (2)
      • DEXA scan (8)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (8)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (high dose) (2)
      • Dexamethasone suppression (low dose) (2)
      • DHEA Sulphate (8)
      • DNA sequencing (8)
      • Echocardiogram (5)
      • Electrocardiogram (3)
      • Electrolytes (1)
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      • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1)
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      • Exercise tolerance (1)
      • Fine needle aspiration biopsy (3)
      • FSH (49)
      • FT3 (8)
      • FT4 (28)
      • GADA (1)
      • Genetic analysis (13)
      • GH (17)
      • GH day curve (1)
      • GH stimulation (1)
      • GH suppression (4)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucose suppression test (1)
      • Glucose (blood) (8)
      • Glucose (blood, fasting) (9)
      • Glucose (blood, postprandial) (1)
      • Glucose (urine) (1)
      • Glucose tolerance (oral) (8)
      • GNRH stimulation (3)
      • Gonadotrophins (7)
      • Haematoxylin and eosin staining (7)
      • Haemoglobin (6)
      • Haemoglobin A1c (14)
      • HCG (serum) (4)
      • HCG (urine) (1)
      • HCG stimulation (3)
      • HDL cholesterol (1)
      • Heart rate (4)
      • Histopathology (29)
      • HLA genotyping (3)
      • Holter monitoring (1)
      • HOMA (7)
      • Hydroxyprogesterone (1)
      • IGF1 (30)
      • IGF2 (1)
      • IGFBP3 (1)
      • Immunocytochemistry (3)
      • Immunohistochemistry (18)
      • Immunoglobulins (2)
      • Immunoglobulin G4 (3)
      • Immunoglobulin A (1)
      • Immunostaining (6)
      • Inhibin B (1)
      • Insulin (7)
      • Insulin (fasting) (2)
      • Insulin tolerance (1)
      • Intracranial pressure (2)
      • Ketones (plasma) (3)
      • Ketones (urine) (1)
      • Kidney function (1)
      • Lactate (2)
      • Lactate dehydrogenase (2)
      • Laparoscopy (1)
      • LDL cholesterol (3)
      • LH (52)
      • Lipid profile (1)
      • Liver biopsy (3)
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