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  • Open Section Clinical Overview (257)
    • Open Section Gland/Organ (257)
      • Adipose tissue (3)
      • Adrenal (43)
      • Bone (10)
      • Duodenum (2)
      • Heart (3)
      • Hypothalamus (8)
      • Kidney (9)
      • Liver (4)
      • Ovaries (14)
      • Pancreas (26)
      • Parathyroid (22)
      • Pineal (1)
      • Pituitary (84)
      • Placenta (1)
      • Skin (2)
      • Stomach (1)
      • Testes (2)
      • Thyroid (92)
    • Open Section Topic (251)
      • Adrenal (36)
      • Andrology (3)
      • Autoimmunity (1)
      • Bone (9)
      • Diabetes (19)
      • Emergency (2)
      • Endocrine-related cancer (11)
      • Gynaecological endocrinology (6)
      • Immunology (1)
      • Mineral (2)
      • Neuroendocrinology (5)
      • Obesity (3)
      • Paediatric endocrinology (2)
      • Pituitary (71)
      • Puberty (3)
      • Thyroid (80)
      • Tumours and neoplasia (6)
      • Vitamin D (2)
    • Open Section Hormone (220)
      • 17OHP (3)
      • ACTH (36)
      • Adrenaline (2)
      • Aldosterone (9)
      • Androgens (5)
      • Androstenedione (5)
      • Androsterone (1)
      • Antidiuretic Hormone (6)
      • AVP (5)
      • big IGF2 (1)
      • Calcitonin (3)
      • Calcitriol (1)
      • Corticotrophin (1)
      • Cortisol (57)
      • Dehydroepiandrostenedione (2)
      • DHEA (4)
      • FSH (36)
      • Gastrin (2)
      • GH (29)
      • GHRH (1)
      • Glucagon (2)
      • Glucocorticoids (8)
      • GNRH (2)
      • Gonadotropins (6)
      • HCG (2)
      • Hydroxypregnenolone (1)
      • IGF1 (26)
      • IGF2 (2)
      • Inhibin (1)
      • Insulin (30)
      • Kisspeptin (1)
      • Leptin (1)
      • LH (41)
      • Metanephrines (4)
      • Mineralocorticoids (3)
      • Noradrenaline (3)
      • Normetanephrine (3)
      • Oestradiol (E2) (14)
      • Oestrogens (4)
      • Progesterone (4)
      • Prolactin (41)
      • Prostaglandins (1)
      • PTH (20)
      • Renin (6)
      • Somatostatin (1)
      • Testosterone (33)
      • Thyroxine (T4) (87)
      • TRH (4)
      • Triiodothyronine (T3) (53)
      • TSH (92)
      • Vitamin D (1)
    • Open Section Condition/ Syndrome (242)
      • 3-M syndrome (1)
      • Abscess (1)
      • Acanthosis Nigricans (1)
      • Acromegaly (13)
      • Addisonian crisis (2)
      • Addison's disease (6)
      • Adenocarcinoma (1)
      • AIP gene mutation (1)
      • Adrenal insufficiency (21)
      • Adrenocortical adenoma (1)
      • Adrenocortical carcinoma (2)
      • AIP gene variant (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (primary) (3)
      • Amenorrhoea (secondary) (4)
      • Amyloid goitre (1)
      • Amyloidosis (2)
      • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (2)
      • Anaemia (3)
      • Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (1)
      • Asthma (2)
      • Autoimmune disorders (15)
      • Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (1)
      • Autoimmune hypophysitis (6)
      • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Breast cancer (1)
      • Brown tumour (2)
      • Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
      • Carney complex (2)
      • Carotid body paraganglioma (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2)
      • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2)
      • Congenital hypothyroidism (2)
      • Conn's syndrome (2)
      • Corticotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Craniopharyngioma (1)
      • Crohn’s disease (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cushing's disease (4)
      • Cushing's syndrome (15)
      • Developmental abnormalities (1)
      • Diabetes insipidus - gestational (2)
      • Diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central (13)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (15)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (11)
      • Diabetic hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (8)
      • Diabetic muscle infarction (1)
      • Diabetic nephropathy (1)
      • Ectopic ACTH syndrome (2)
      • Ectopic Cushing's syndrome (3)
      • Ectopic parathyroid adenoma (1)
      • Empty sella syndrome (3)
      • Eosinophilic myositis (1)
      • Euthyroid sick syndrome (1)
      • Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (1)
      • Fetal demise (1)
      • Follicular thyroid cancer (2)
      • Galactorrhoea (1)
      • Gastrinoma (2)
      • Gastritis (1)
      • Gestational diabetes mellitus (2)
      • Giant ovarian cysts (1)
      • Gigantism (1)
      • Gitelman syndrome (1)
      • Goitre (5)
      • Goitre (multinodular) (7)
      • Gonadal dysgenesis (3)
      • Gonadotrophic adenoma (1)
      • Granuloma (2)
      • Granulosa cell tumour (1)
      • Graves' disease (16)
      • Graves' ophthalmopathy (4)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (adult) (1)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset) (5)
      • Gynaecomastia (2)
      • Haemorrhage (1)
      • Hashimoto’s disease (11)
      • Hereditary multiple osteochondroma (1)
      • Hürthle cell adenoma (1)
      • Hyperaldosteronism (3)
      • Hyperandrogenism (3)
      • Hypercalcaemia (10)
      • Hyperglycaemia (11)
      • Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (5)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (1)
      • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2)
      • Hyperkalaemia (4)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (primary) (17)
      • Hyperparathyroidism (tertiary) (2)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (8)
      • Hypersexuality (1)
      • Hypertension (4)
      • Hyperthyroidism (25)
      • Hypocalcaemia (4)
      • Hypoglycaemia (8)
      • Hypogonadism (8)
      • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (10)
      • Hypokalaemia (5)
      • Hyponatraemia (14)
      • Hypophysitis (10)
      • Hypopituitarism (20)
      • Hypothyroidism (41)
      • Iatrogenic disorder (14)
      • Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (3)
      • IgG4–related systemic disease (7)
      • Inappropriate TSH secretion (1)
      • Incidentaloma (1)
      • Infertility (1)
      • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (2)
      • Insulin resistance (5)
      • Insulinoma (1)
      • Iodine allergy (1)
      • Ischaemic heart disease (1)
      • Ketoacidosis (1)
      • Klinefelter syndrome (4)
      • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) (1)
      • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1)
      • Leydig cell tumour (1)
      • Lipodystrophy (2)
      • Lipomatosis (2)
      • Liver failure (4)
      • Lung metastases (2)
      • Lymphadenopathy (5)
      • Macroprolactinoma (3)
      • McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome (1)
      • Medullary thyroid cancer (2)
      • MEN1 (6)
      • MEN2A (1)
      • Meningitis (2)
      • Metabolic acidosis (1)
      • Metastatic carcinoma (8)
      • Metastatic gastrinoma (1)
      • Metastatic melanoma (5)
      • Microadenoma (3)
      • Microprolactinoma (2)
      • Motor neurone disease (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (1)
      • Myositis (3)
      • Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (1)
      • Nephrolithiasis (1)
      • Neuroendocrine tumour (9)
      • Neurofibromatosis (2)
      • Nodular hyperplasia (2)
      • Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (1)
      • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3)
      • Non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia (1)
      • Noonan syndrome (1)
      • Obesity (2)
      • Osteoporosis (4)
      • Ovarian cancer (6)
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2)
      • Ovarian tumour (2)
      • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (1)
      • Pancreatitis (3)
      • Panhypopituitarism (3)
      • Papillary thyroid cancer (13)
      • Paraganglioma (3)
      • Paranasal sinus lesion (1)
      • Paraneoplastic syndromes (2)
      • Parasitic thyroid nodules (1)
      • Parathyroid adenoma (10)
      • Parathyroid carcinoma (2)
      • Parathyroid cyst (1)
      • Parathroid hyperplasia (1)
      • PCOS (3)
      • Phaeochromocytoma (6)
      • Phaeochromocytoma crisis (1)
      • Pituitary abscess (1)
      • Pituitary adenoma (32)
      • Pituitary apoplexy (6)
      • Pituitary carcinoma (2)
      • Pituitary cyst (2)
      • Pituitary haemorrhage (5)
      • Pituitary hyperplasia (6)
      • Pituitary hypoplasia (1)
      • Pituitary tumour (malignant) (3)
      • Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (4)
      • POEMS syndrome (1)
      • Pneumonia (1)
      • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1)
      • Pregnancy (2)
      • Premature ovarian failure (4)
      • Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (1)
      • Prolactinoma (6)
      • Prostate cancer (2)
      • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (1)
      • Puberty (precocious) (3)
      • Pulmonary oedema (1)
      • Quadrantanopia (1)
      • Rhabdomyolysis (1)
      • Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
      • Sexual development disorders (4)
      • Sheehan's syndrome (1)
      • Short stature (3)
      • SIADH (5)
      • Small-cell carcinoma (2)
      • Solitary fibrous tumour (1)
      • Somatotrophic adenoma (3)
      • Struma ovarii (4)
      • Subcutaneous insulin resistance (1)
      • Systemic lupus erythematosus (1)
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (4)
      • Thyroid adenoma (1)
      • Thyroid carcinoma (4)
      • Thyroid cyst (1)
      • Thyroid fibromatosis (1)
      • Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (4)
      • Thyroid nodule (8)
      • Thyroid storm (8)
      • Thyroiditis (20)
      • Thyrotoxicosis (19)
      • Thyrotrophic adenoma (2)
      • Traumatic brain injury (1)
      • Tuberculosis (1)
      • Tuberous sclerosis complex (1)
      • Turner syndrome (1)
      • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (1)
      • Urolithiasis (1)
      • Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (1)
  • Open Section Patient Demographics (257)
    • Open Section Age (257)
      • Adolescent/young adult (34)
      • Adult (194)
      • Geriatric (13)
      • Neonatal (3)
      • Paediatric (17)
      • Pregnant adult (8)
    • Open Section Gender (256)
      • Female (151)
      • Male (114)
    • Open Section Ethnicity (257)
      • Asian - Bangladeshi (1)
      • Asian - Chinese (10)
      • Asian - Filipino (1)
      • Asian - Indian (9)
      • Asian - Japanese (18)
      • Asian - Korean (1)
      • Asian - Pakistani (3)
      • Asian - other (14)
      • Black - African (5)
      • Black - Caribbean (3)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American (4)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - Puerto Rican (1)
      • Hispanic or Latino - other (5)
      • Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (1)
      • White (177)
      • Other (8)
    • Open Section Country of Treatment (250)
      • Argentina (3)
      • Australia (31)
      • Austria (1)
      • Bangladesh (1)
      • Brazil (2)
      • Canada (7)
      • Denmark (3)
      • France (2)
      • Germany (4)
      • Greece (5)
      • India (5)
      • Iran, Islamic Republic of (2)
      • Ireland (8)
      • Israel (3)
      • Italy (12)
      • Japan (17)
      • Lebanon (2)
      • Malaysia (1)
      • Mexico (1)
      • Morocco (1)
      • Netherlands (3)
      • New Zealand (2)
      • Oman (1)
      • Peru (1)
      • Poland (2)
      • Portugal (13)
      • Puerto Rico (2)
      • Russian Federation (2)
      • Saudi Arabia (2)
      • Serbia (1)
      • Singapore (7)
      • Spain (10)
      • Sweden (1)
      • Syrian Arab Republic (1)
      • Taiwan, Province of China (1)
      • Thailand (2)
      • Tunisia (1)
      • Turkey (4)
      • United Arab Emirates (1)
      • United Kingdom (61)
      • United States (23)
      • Venezuela (1)
  • Open Section Diagnosis and Treatment (242)
    • Open Section Signs and Symptoms (235)
      • Abdominal adiposity (1)
      • Abdominal distension (3)
      • Abdominal cramp (2)
      • Abdominal discomfort (1)
      • Abdominal lump (1)
      • Abdominal pain (17)
      • Abdominal tenderness (3)
      • Abnormal posture (1)
      • Acanthosis nigricans (2)
      • Accelerated growth (1)
      • Acne (3)
      • Aggression (2)
      • Agitation (2)
      • Alopecia (2)
      • Altered level of consciousness (3)
      • Ambiguous genitalia (1)
      • Amenorrhoea (20)
      • Amnesia (5)
      • Anaemia (7)
      • Ankle swelling (1)
      • Anorexia (13)
      • Anxiety (8)
      • Aphasia (2)
      • Appendicitis (1)
      • Appetite increase (1)
      • Appetite reduction/loss (10)
      • Aqueductal stenosis (1)
      • Arthralgia (7)
      • Asthenia (7)
      • Atrial fibrillation (12)
      • ADHD (1)
      • Autism (1)
      • Back pain (5)
      • Behavioural problems (3)
      • Bitemporal hemianopsia (3)
      • Blindness (1)
      • Bloating (2)
      • Bone fracture(s) (3)
      • Bone lesions (2)
      • Bone pain (5)
      • Bony metastases (1)
      • Bowel movements - bleeding (2)
      • Brachydactyly (3)
      • Bradycardia (1)
      • Bradyphrenia (1)
      • Breast lump (1)
      • Breastfeeding difficulties (1)
      • Breathing difficulties (6)
      • Buffalo hump (2)
      • Cachexia (1)
      • Calcification (2)
      • Cardiac malformations (1)
      • Cardiogenic shock (2)
      • Cardiomegaly (3)
      • Cardiomyopathy (5)
      • Cardiopulmonary arrest (1)
      • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (1)
      • Cervical pain (1)
      • Chemosis (1)
      • Chest pain (6)
      • Chest pain (pleuritic) (1)
      • Cholestasis (1)
      • Chondrocalcinosis (1)
      • Cirrhosis (2)
      • Citraturia (1)
      • Clitoromegaly (2)
      • Clumsiness (1)
      • Coagulopathy (2)
      • Cognitive problems (4)
      • Cold intolerance (5)
      • Collapse (2)
      • Coma (1)
      • Concentration difficulties (5)
      • Confusion (11)
      • Constipation (8)
      • Convulsions (1)
      • Coughing (7)
      • Crackles (5)
      • Cramps (2)
      • Craniofacial abnormalities (1)
      • Cryptorchidism (1)
      • Cutaneous pigmentation (3)
      • Deep vein thrombosis (1)
      • Dehydration (7)
      • Delayed puberty (2)
      • Delirium (4)
      • Dementia (1)
      • Depression (6)
      • Diabetes insipidus (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 1 (11)
      • Diabetes mellitus type 2 (9)
      • Diabetic neuropathy (1)
      • Diabetic ketoacidosis (8)
      • Diarrhoea (13)
      • Diplopia (8)
      • Dizziness (9)
      • Dyslipidaemia (1)
      • Dyspareunia (1)
      • Dysphagia (8)
      • Dysphonia (6)
      • Dyspnoea (16)
      • Dysuria (1)
      • Ears - low set (1)
      • Ecchymoses (2)
      • Enlarged prostate (1)
      • Eosinophilia (3)
      • Epistaxis (1)
      • Erectile dysfunction (6)
      • Erythema (2)
      • Eyelid swelling (4)
      • Eyes - inflammation (1)
      • Eyes - irritation (1)
      • Eyes - redness (2)
      • Eyes - watering (1)
      • Face - change in appearance (1)
      • Face - coarse features (6)
      • Facial fullness (1)
      • Facial palsy (3)
      • Facial plethora (2)
      • Facial weakness (2)
      • Facies - abnormal (6)
      • Facies - moon (7)
      • Failure to thrive (1)
      • Fatigue (67)
      • Feet - increased size (6)
      • Fingers - thick (1)
      • Flatulence (1)
      • Frontal bossing (1)
      • Gait abnormality (1)
      • Gait unsteadiness (1)
      • Galactorrhoea (7)
      • Glucose intolerance (1)
      • Glucosuria (4)
      • Goitre (34)
      • Growth hormone deficiency (5)
      • Growth retardation (6)
      • Gynaecomastia (8)
      • Haematoma (2)
      • Haematuria (2)
      • Haemoptysis (2)
      • Hallucination (1)
      • Hands - enlargement (6)
      • Hands - large (1)
      • Head - large (1)
      • Headache (45)
      • Hearing loss (2)
      • Heart failure (11)
      • Heart murmur (4)
      • Heat intolerance (6)
      • Hemianopia (5)
      • Hemiparesis (2)
      • Hepatic cysts (1)
      • Hepatic metastases (1)
      • Hepatomegaly (3)
      • Hirsutism (12)
      • Hot flushes (2)
      • Hypolipidaemia (1)
      • Hyperactivity (1)
      • Hyperandrogenism (3)
      • Hypercalcaemia (16)
      • Hypercalciuria (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia (2)
      • Hypercortisolaemia (9)
      • Hyperglycaemia (16)
      • Hyperhidrosis (11)
      • Hyperinsulinaemia (3)
      • Hyperkalaemia (6)
      • Hypernatraemia (4)
      • Hyperoxaluria (1)
      • Hyperpigmentation (9)
      • Hyperplasia (1)
      • Hyperprolactinaemia (11)
      • Hypersalivation (2)
      • Hyperseborrhea (2)
      • Hypersomnia (1)
      • Hypertension (22)
      • Hyperthermia (1)
      • Hyperthyroidism (22)
      • Hypertrichosis (1)
      • Hypoadrenalism (3)
      • Hypoalbuminaemia (2)
      • Hypoglycaemia (10)
      • Hypogonadism (26)
      • Hypoinsulinaemia (2)
      • Hypokalaemia (16)
      • Hypomagnesaemia (3)
      • Hyponatraemia (24)
      • Hypophosphataemia (4)
      • Hypopituitarism (13)
      • Hypoprolactinaemia (1)
      • Hyporeflexia (1)
      • Hypospadias (1)
      • Hypotension (19)
      • Hypothyroidism (37)
      • Hypotonia (3)
      • Hypovitaminosis D (3)
      • Hypovolaemia (2)
      • Hypoxia (5)
      • Immunodeficiency (1)
      • Impulsivity (1)
      • Inattention (1)
      • Infertility (2)
      • Insomnia (5)
      • Insulin resistance (4)
      • Irritability (1)
      • Ischaemia (3)
      • Jaundice (2)
      • Ketonuria (2)
      • Kidney stones (2)
      • Kyphoscoliosis (2)
      • Kyphosis (1)
      • Leg pain (2)
      • Leukocytosis (5)
      • Libido increase (1)
      • Libido reduction/loss (5)
      • Lips - dry (1)
      • Liver masses (1)
      • Lymphadenectomy (1)
      • Lymphadenitis (7)
      • Macroglossia (1)
      • Malaise (7)
      • Mania (1)
      • Menorrhagia (1)
      • Menstrual disorder (4)
      • Metabolic acidosis (3)
      • Metabolic alkalosis (7)
      • Micropenis (3)
      • Miscarriage (1)
      • Mood changes/swings (3)
      • Muscle atrophy (5)
      • Myalgia (11)
      • Myasthaenia (23)
      • Mydriasis (1)
      • Myeloma (1)
      • Myocardial infarction (2)
      • Myopathy (4)
      • Myopia (1)
      • Myxoedema (2)
      • Nausea (29)
      • Neck - loose skin (nape) (1)
      • Neck - short (1)
      • Neck mass (6)
      • Neck pain/discomfort (6)
      • Necrosis (1)
      • Neurofibromas (2)
      • Nipples widely spaced (1)
      • Nocturia (6)
      • Normochromic normocytic anaemia (5)
      • Nose - depressed bridge (1)
      • Obesity (13)
      • Obstructive sleep apnoea (1)
      • Oedema (17)
      • Oligomenorrhoea (2)
      • Ophthalmoplegia (2)
      • Optic atrophy (1)
      • Orbital hypertelorism (1)
      • Orthostatic hypotension (1)
      • Osteoarthritis (2)
      • Osteopenia (7)
      • Osteoporosis (7)
      • Osteosclerosis (2)
      • Ovarian cysts (3)
      • Pallor (1)
      • Palpitations (22)
      • Pancreatic fibrosis (1)
      • Pancreatitis (2)
      • Pancytopaenia (1)
      • Papilloedema (1)
      • Paraesthesia (4)
      • Paralysis (1)
      • Paranoia (2)
      • Peptic ulcer (1)
      • Pericardial effusion (3)
      • Peripheral oedema (5)
      • Petechiae (1)
      • Photophobia (2)
      • Pleurisy (1)
      • Pneumonia (4)
      • Polydipsia (28)
      • Polyphagia (1)
      • Polyuria (27)
      • Premature labour (1)
      • Prenatal growth retardation (1)
      • Prognathism (3)
      • Proptosis (7)
      • Proteinuria (3)
      • Psoriatic arthritis (1)
      • Psychomotor retardation (2)
      • Psychosis (5)
      • Ptosis (7)
      • Puberty (delayed/absent) (2)
      • Puberty (early/precocious) (4)
      • Pulmonary embolism (1)
      • Pyrexia (22)
      • Pyuria (1)
      • Rash (3)
      • Rectal pain (1)
      • Rectorrhagia (1)
      • Renal colic (1)
      • Renal failure (4)
      • Renal insufficiency (5)
      • Respiratory failure (1)
      • Retinopathy (1)
      • Salivary gland swelling (1)
      • Sarcoidosis (2)
      • Scoliosis (1)
      • Seizures (6)
      • Sepsis (1)
      • Septic shock (2)
      • Short stature (9)
      • Singultus (1)
      • Sinusitis (1)
      • Sixth nerve palsy (3)
      • Skeletal deformity (3)
      • Skin pigmentation - spotty (2)
      • Skin thickening (1)
      • Sleep disturbance (2)
      • Sleep hyperhidrosis (3)
      • Slow growth (2)
      • Slurred speech (3)
      • Social difficulties (1)
      • Soft tissue swelling (2)
      • Somnolence (1)
      • Sore throat (4)
      • Speech delay (1)
      • Splenomegaly (4)
      • Striae (5)
      • Stridor (1)
      • Stroke (2)
      • Subfertility (1)
      • Sweating (9)
      • Syncope (4)
      • Tachycardia (26)
      • Tachypnoea (2)
      • Teeth gapping (1)
      • Tetraparesis (1)
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